| 富士苹果施钙肥效应 |
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| 引用本文： | 郑伟尉,陈锋,徐月华,张静,翟衡.富士苹果施钙肥效应[J].果树学报,2007,24(1):6-10. |
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| 作者姓名： | 郑伟尉 陈锋 徐月华 张静 翟衡 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院,山东泰安,271018
2. 山东省蓬莱市果树站,山东蓬莱,265600 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划) |
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| 摘 要： | 以8年生富士苹果(Malusdomesticacv.Fuji)为试材进行不同组合钙肥试验,结果表明,土施CaSO4肥显著提高了土壤总钙、交换性钙和果实钙含量,以3.5kg/株CaSO4处理效果最显著;将3.5kgCaSO4分为幼果期和膨大期2次使用增钙效果明显,分期施肥无论配合秋施有机肥还是春季喷氨基酸钙都极显著提高了果实钙含量,以S2+1.5AM处理(春施2kgCaSO4+喷3遍氨基酸钙+夏施1.5kgCaSO4+秋施5kg苹果专用有机肥)的钙含量最高,达到179.17mg/kg;秋施苹果专用有机肥明显提高果实钙含量,增加根系和枝条的贮藏钙,以10kg/株配合春施1kg/株CaSO4的效果较好。当有机肥施用量达到15kg/株或CaSO4超过3.5kg/株时增钙效果下降。交换性钙、土壤及果实Ca/Mg比值与果实钙含量呈正相关,土壤速效磷、钾、果实N/Ca比值与果实钙含量呈显著负相关。不同施肥处理果实的N/Ca比值和Ca/Mg比值差异显著,采收时富士果实N/Ca比值<17,Ca/Mg比值≥7,贮藏期间的苦痘病发生率较低。有利于富士苹果钙素营养的施肥组合是秋冬施有机肥加钙化肥、幼果期喷钙和果实膨大期土施钙肥。
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| 关 键 词： | 富士苹果 钙素营养 施肥 |
| 文章编号： | 1009-9980（2007）01-06-05 |
| 修稿时间： | 2006-09-192006-11-09 |
Effects of application of calcium fertilizers on fruit quality of Fuji apple cultivar |
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| ZHENG Wei-wei,CHEN Feng,XU Yue-hua,ZHANG Jing,ZHAI Heng.Effects of application of calcium fertilizers on fruit quality of Fuji apple cultivar[J].Journal of Fruit Science,2007,24(1):6-10. |
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| Authors: | ZHENG Wei-wei CHEN Feng XU Yue-hua ZHANG Jing ZHAI Heng |
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| Abstract: | Eight-year-old trees of Fuji apple cultivar (Malus domestica cv. Fuji) were used as material for calcium fertilizing experiment of different combinations. Results showed that total calcium, exchangeable calcium, and calcium in fruit were significantly improved by soil application of CaSO4, while application of 3.5 kg of CaSO4 per plant reached the most significant effect among all treatments. Applying CaSO4 at fruitlet stage and in fruit enlargement period with amount of 3.5 kg per plant improved fruit calcium concentration significantly. Calcium fertilizer applied at different stage improved fruit calcium concentration significantly, no matter whenever it was applied together with organic fertilizer used in autumn or amino acid calcium sprayed in spring. The highest level of 179.17 mg/kg was obtained in the treatment of S(2+1.5)AM, when 2 kg CaSO4 were applied and 3 times spraying amino acid calcium in Spring, and 1.5 kg CaSO4 applied in Summer together with Special-for-apple organic fertilizer applied in Autumn. Special-for-apple organic fertilizer applied in Autumn improved fruit calcium concentration, as well as storage calcium in roots and branches, with the best effect appeared at amount of 10 kg per plant in Autumn plus CaSO4 at 1 kg Per plant in Spring. The calcium improvement effect decreased while the fertilizer amount reached to 15 kg of organic fertilizer or more than 3.5 kg of CaSO4 per tree. A positive correlation was found between Ca/Mg ratio in soil and fruit, exchangeable calcium, and fruit calcium concentration, while a negative correlation was found between N/Ca ratio in fruit, fast-acting phosphorus, and fast-acting potassium in soil, and fruit calcium concentration. N/Ca ratio and Ca/Mg ratio in fruit differed obviously among different fertilizing treatments. The incidence of apple bitter pit disease during storage was very low when N/Ca<17 and Ca/Mg≥7 at harvest. The best calcium fertilizer combination seemed to be organic fertilizer applied in Autumn and Winter together with calcium fertilizer, calcium sprayed at fruitlet stage, and soil applying calcium fertilizer in fruit enlargement period. |
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| Keywords: | Fuji apple Calcium Fertilizing |
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