| 生物质炭可溶性有机物化学组成及生物活性意义 |
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| 引用本文： | 卞荣军,刘晓雨,郑聚锋,程琨,张旭辉,李恋卿,潘根兴.生物质炭可溶性有机物化学组成及生物活性意义[J].中国农业科学,2022,55(11):2174-2186. |
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| 作者姓名： | 卞荣军 刘晓雨 郑聚锋 程琨 张旭辉 李恋卿 潘根兴 |
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| 作者单位： | 南京农业大学农业资源与生态环境研究所,南京 210095 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金（41877096,41771332）； |
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| 摘 要： | 生物质热解炭化过程中,有机可挥发组分从固相逸出,冷凝后重新吸附于生物质炭,成为其中的可溶性有机物。生物质炭可溶性有机物化学组成复杂,主要含小分子有机物与芳香类化合物且含有丰富的官能团,具有较高的化学反应活性和生物活性,可显著地改变土壤中养分元素和污染物的形态与有效性,影响土壤微生物组成与丰度,调控作物的生长与健康。依生物质原料和热解条件的差异,生物质炭可溶性有机物的化学结构与生物活性功能也不尽相同。生物质炭可溶性有机物的生物活性意义主要表现为对生物的刺激作用,但部分生物质炭可溶性有机物可能具有一定的潜在毒性风险。通过提取生物质炭可溶性有机物可生产具有生物刺激作用的商品液体有机肥,从而实现生物质炭的分值利用。未来需要进一步加强生物质炭可溶性组分的生物活性或毒性物质的鉴定及其形成机制的研究,这对于生物质炭产品的优化是十分必要的,也是应用生物质炭尽量避免环境风险的要求。
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| 关 键 词： | 热解炭化 生物质炭 可溶性有机物 生物活性 土壤-植物系统 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021-04-06 |
Chemical Composition and Bioactivity of Dissolvable Organic Matter in Biochars |
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| BIAN RongJun,LIU XiaoYu,ZHENG JuFeng,CHENG Kun,ZHANG XuHui,LI LianQing,PAN GenXing.Chemical Composition and Bioactivity of Dissolvable Organic Matter in Biochars[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2022,55(11):2174-2186. |
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| Authors: | BIAN RongJun LIU XiaoYu ZHENG JuFeng CHENG Kun ZHANG XuHui LI LianQing PAN GenXing |
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| Institution: | Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095 |
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| Abstract: | Volatile organic components escape from the solid feedstock when biomass pyrolyze, which is re-absorbed onto the surface of biochar in the form of dissolvable organic matter (DOM) following cooling. The condense Biochar DOM has a complex chemical composition, mainly containing small molecular weight organics, polycyclic hydrocarbons rich in functional groups. With high activity of chemical reaction and biological stimulation, the biochar DOM may alter the form and availability of nutrients and pollutants, mediating microbial abundance and community structure, and regulating plant growth and metabolism. These activities and chemical compositions vary with types of biomass feedstock and pyrolysis conditions. The role of biochar DOM in biological regulation is generally recognized as bio-promotion though a few DOM molecules is known of potential toxicity to plants, animals and microbes. In order to reach a differential and valorized utilization, the biochar DOM could be extracted for producing commercial liquid fertilizer. The identification of potential bio-toxic molecules in biochar DOM in relation to feedstock and pyrolysis condition deserve further studies, which is fundamental for optimizing production of biochar and biochar-derived products, and minimizing environmental risks following land allocation. |
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| Keywords: | pyrolysis biochar dissolvable organic matter bioactivity soil-plant system |
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