| 玉米叶片气孔特征及气体交换过程对气候变暖的响应 |
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| 引用本文： | 郑云普,徐明,王建书,邱帅,王贺新.玉米叶片气孔特征及气体交换过程对气候变暖的响应[J].作物学报,2015,41(4):601-612. |
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| 作者姓名： | 郑云普 徐明 王建书 邱帅 王贺新 |
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| 作者单位： | 1河北工程大学水电学院，河北邯郸 056038；2中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室，北京 100101；
3河北工程大学农学院，河北邯郸 056038；4大连大学现代农业研究院，辽宁大连 116622 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2012CB417103);国家自然科学基金青年项目(31400418);国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303022);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2014M561044)资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 气孔是植物叶片表面控制大气与植物间气体交换的孔状结构,对于生态系统碳、水循环过程的调节起着非常重要的作用。本文利用典型农田生态系统实验增温平台,研究了未来气候变暖对玉米叶片的气孔特征(包括气孔频度、气孔开口大小和形状以及气孔分布格局)和气体交换过程的影响。结果表明:(1)尽管增温并没有改变气孔密度(P0.05),但却由于表皮细胞数目的减少导致气孔指数显著增加12%(P0.05);(2)增温使气孔开口的长度显著减小18%(P0.01),宽度增加26%(P0.01),面积和周长分别增加31%(P0.01)和13%(P0.05);(3)实验增温还使单个气孔之间最近邻域的平均距离显著增加,表明气孔在玉米叶片上的分布变得更加均匀;(4)增温导致玉米叶片的净光合反应速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr)分别增加52%(P0.05)、163%(P0.001)和81%(P0.05);与此相反,玉米叶片的暗呼吸速率(Rd)却显著降低24%(P0.01)。增温没有对细胞间CO2浓度(Ci)和水分利用效率(WUE)产生显著的影响(P0.05)。本研究结果表明,未来全球气候变暖可能通过改变玉米叶片的气孔频度、气孔开口大小和形状及其在叶片上的空间分布格局来改变其气体交换过程。
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| 关 键 词： | 全球变暖 玉米 气孔特征 气体交换 华北平原 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014-11-03 |
Responses of the Stomatal Traits and Gas Exchange of Maize Leaves to Climate Warming |
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| ZHENG Yun-Pu;XU Ming;WANG Jian-Shu;QIU Shuai;WANG He-Xin.Responses of the Stomatal Traits and Gas Exchange of Maize Leaves to Climate Warming[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2015,41(4):601-612. |
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| Authors: | ZHENG Yun-Pu;XU Ming;WANG Jian-Shu;QIU Shuai;WANG He-Xin |
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| Institution: | 1.School of water conservancy and hydropower, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China;2.Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;3.School of agriculture, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China;4.Institute of Modern Agricultural Research, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China? |
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| Abstract: | Stomata are the pores on leaf surfaces controlling gas exchanges, mainly CO2 and water vapor, between the atmosphere and plants, and thus regulate carbon and water cycles in various ecosystems. This study investigated the effects of experimental warming on the stomatal frequency, stomatal aperture size and shape, and stomatal distribution pattern, and their relationships with the leaf gas exchange rates of maize (Zea may L.) leaves through a field manipulative warming experiment with infrared heaters in a typical agriculture ecosystem in the North China Plain. Our results showed that experimental warming had little effect on stomatal density, but increased stomatal index by 12% (P<0.05) due to the reduction in the number of epidermal cells under the warming treatment. Warming also decreased stomatal aperture length by 18% (P<0.01) and increased stomatal aperture width 26% (P<0.01). As a result, experimental warming increased the average stomatal aperture area by 31% (P<0.01) and stomatal aperture circumference by 13% (P<0.05), and resulted in a more regular stomatal distribution on both the adaxial and abaxial surfaces in leaves with an increased average nearest neighbor distance between stomata. In addition, experimental warming also affacted the gas exchange of maize leaves. Experimental warming significantly increased net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), and transpiration rate (Tr) by 52% (P<0.05), 163% (P<0.001), and 81% (P<0.05), respectively. Meanwhile, experimental warming decreased the leaf dark respiration(Rd) by 24% (P<0.01), but had no significant effects on intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and water use efficiency (WUE; P>0.05). In conclusion, the experimental warming may affect the gas exchange of maize leaves through the changes of the stomatal traits including stomatal frequency, stomatal aperture size and shape, and stomatal distribution on leaves. |
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| Keywords: | Global warming Maize Stomatal traits Gas exchange The North China Plain |
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