| 轴流螺旋滚筒式食用向日葵脱粒装置设计与试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 连国党,魏鑫鑫,马丽娜,周国辉,宗望远.轴流螺旋滚筒式食用向日葵脱粒装置设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2022,38(17):42-51. |
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| 作者姓名： | 连国党 魏鑫鑫 马丽娜 周国辉 宗望远 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 华中农业大学工学院，武汉 430070; 2. 农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室，武汉 430070;;3. 石家庄金箭机械设备制造有限公司，石家庄 052160; |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0702104） |
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| 摘 要： | 针对食葵脱粒过程中籽粒表皮划伤严重及未脱净率高等问题，该研究设计了一种轴流螺旋滚筒式食葵脱粒装置。脱粒元件为外径32 mm的螺旋管，对物料在脱粒空间的运移过程进行运动学与动力学分析，确定脱粒元件螺旋管螺旋升角为63°，螺距为2 800 mm。以葵花3638为对象进行台架试验，通过单因素试验探索喂入量、滚筒转速及脱粒间隙对籽粒未脱净率和破损率的影响，根据单因素试验结果，以喂入量、滚筒转速、脱粒间隙为影响因素，未脱净率和破损率为响应指标，进行二次回归正交旋转组合试验，利用Design-Expert软件建立响应指标与影响因素之间的数学模型，基于响应面法进行参数优化，获得脱粒装置在喂入量1.4 kg/s，滚筒转速300 r/min，脱粒间隙35 mm的参数组合下脱粒效果较好，此时未脱净率为0.55%，破损率1.76%。以优化参数组合进行验证试验，结果表明，未脱净率为0.59%、破损率为1.77%，与模型预测值的相对误差均小于5%。该装置未脱净率与破损率均低于现有向日葵脱粒机，满足向日葵机械化收获标准。该研究为食葵机械化收获装备的研制提供理论参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 农业机械 参数优化 食用向日葵 螺旋滚筒 脱粒装置 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/5/3 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022/10/8 0:00:00 |
Design and experiments of the axial-flow spiral drum threshing device for the edible sunflower |
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| Lian Guodang,Wei Xinxin,Ma Lin,Zhou Guohui,Zong Wangyuan.Design and experiments of the axial-flow spiral drum threshing device for the edible sunflower[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2022,38(17):42-51. |
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| Authors: | Lian Guodang Wei Xinxin Ma Lin Zhou Guohui Zong Wangyuan |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;;1. College of Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China;;3. Shijiazhuang Jinjian Mechanical Equipment Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 052160, China; |
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| Abstract: | Sunflower is one of the four major oil crops in the world. There are oil and edible sunflower at present. Among them, there is a large planting area of edible sunflowers in China. The seeds of edible sunflowers are thin and delicate easy to thresh, and the skin is mostly black with white lines and short hairs. Particularly, the skin of seeds is easily scratched, as the full ripe stage stalks and back of sunflower disc turn yellow and leaves dry up. The traditional threshing elements are also easily scratched during threshing. The resulting flowery-skinned seeds can greatly reduce the economic value, where the sunflower discs are seriously broken and hard to clean. It is very necessary to balance the structure of the threshing element and the key operating parameters of the system for the better threshing performance of sunflowers. In this study, an axial, spiral, and cylindrical threshing device was designed for the low breaking and un-threshing rate of edible sunflowers during harvesting and threshing. A theoretical and experimental investigation was carried out, according to the current status of sunflower threshing. The sunflower threshing device was mainly composed of a threshing drum, top cover, power transmission system, frame, grain collection, concave screen, threshing gap adjustment mechanism, and material conveying component. The threshing element was a spiral tube with an external diameter of 32 mm, in order to reduce the scratching of grain skin during threshing. The concave screen used the grid with the wrap angle of 180° for the larger separation area. The kinematics and dynamics of material transport were then analyzed in the threshing space. The spiral lift angle was 63° for the spiral tube of the threshing element, where the pitch was 2 800 mm. Taking the sunflower 3 638 as the object, the field test was performed on the self-developed sunflower threshing bench. A single-factor experiment was carried out to determine the influence of working parameters on the threshing performance. The results show that an optimal combination was achieved, with the range of feeding rate of 1.2-1.6 kg/s, drum speed of 250-350 r/min, and threshing clearance of 30-40 mm. There were generally low un-threshing rate and damage rates in this case. A multi-objective optimization test was conducted to evaluate the threshing performance under the optimal combination of the parameters in the threshing device. A secondary rotation orthogonal test was carried out, with the feeding rate, drum speed, and threshing clearance as the influencing factors, while the un-threshing rate and breaking rate as the response indices. Design-Expert software was then selected to establish the mathematical model between the response index and the influencing factors. The optimal combination of parameters was optimized using the response surface method. The optimized parameter set was determined as the feeding rate of 1.4 kg/s, and the drum speed of 300 r/min with a threshing clearance of 35 mm. At the same time, the un-threshing rate and the breaking rate were 0.53%, and 1.76%, respectively. A verification test was carried out on the test bench. After that, the un-threshing rate was 0.59%, and the breaking rate was 1.77%. Among them, the relative error was less than 5% in the predicted value of the model, indicating the suitability of the prediction model. This finding can provide a theoretical reference for the mechanized harvesting equipment of edible sunflowers. |
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| Keywords: | agricultural mechinery parameter optimization edible sunflower spiral drum threshing device |
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