| 不同降水年型下旱地深翻时间和施肥方式对小麦产量及水肥利用率的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 裴雪霞,党建友,张定一,张 晶,王姣爱,程麦风,武雪萍.不同降水年型下旱地深翻时间和施肥方式对小麦产量及水肥利用率的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2018(3):330-339. |
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| 作者姓名： | 裴雪霞 党建友 张定一 张 晶 王姣爱 程麦风 武雪萍 |
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| 作者单位： | (1.山西省农业科学院小麦研究所，山西临汾041000；2.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所， 北京 100081) |
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| 基金项目： | 山西省农业科学院优势课题组自选项目（YYS1713）；国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD22B03-03)；现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03-2-7) |
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| 摘 要： | 为提高旱地小麦自然降水和肥料利用效果以实现稳产高产栽培，通过3个不同降水年型田间试验，研究了晋南旱地麦田休闲期深翻时间和氮、磷施用方式对小麦群体、产量及水肥利用率的影响。结果表明，休闲期降水量及其分布、深翻时间和施肥方式共同影响旱地小麦播前0~200 cm土壤蓄水量、产量、水肥利用效率。休闲期丰水年较平水年和枯水年分别增产75.29%和170.39%，播前0~200 cm土壤贮水量分别多42.77 mm 和116.91 mm，水分利用效率分别高2.94和8.77 kg·mm-1·hm-2，氮、磷利用效率也较高。8月中上旬深翻蓄水效果较好，可促进小麦植株和籽粒对氮、磷的吸收，增加冬前茎数和穗数，8月中旬深翻较7月中旬深翻增产5.43%~18.15%，播前0~200 cm土壤贮水量增加12.12~18.45 mm，水分利用效率和磷素利用率也较高。与播种前配施氮、磷肥相比，8月中上旬深翻时配施磷肥，播种前施入氮肥，可提高冬前和拔节期茎数、穗数和穗粒数，促进氮、磷积累和转运，从而增产，同时提高收获期0~200 cm土壤贮水量和水分利用率。在当前气候、栽培条件下，晋南丘陵旱地不同降水年型下均以8月中上旬深翻配施磷肥，播种前施入氮肥可提高土壤渗水特性，最大限度纳秋雨蓄墒，增加小麦冬前和拔节期茎数和穗数，提高产量和水肥利用效率。
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| 关 键 词： | 旱地 深翻时间 施肥方式 小麦产量 水分利用效率 氮磷利用效率 |
Effects of Deep Plowing Time during Fallow Period and Fertilization Method on Yield, Water and Nutrition Use Efficiency of Dryland Wheat in Different Precipitation Years in South Shanxi |
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| PEI Xuexi,DANG Jianyou,ZHANG Dingyi,ZHANG Jing,WANG Jiaoai,CHENG Maifeng,WU Xueping.Effects of Deep Plowing Time during Fallow Period and Fertilization Method on Yield, Water and Nutrition Use Efficiency of Dryland Wheat in Different Precipitation Years in South Shanxi[J].Journal of Triticeae Crops,2018(3):330-339. |
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| Authors: | PEI Xuexi DANG Jianyou ZHANG Dingyi ZHANG Jing WANG Jiaoai CHENG Maifeng WU Xueping |
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| Abstract: | Through a three-year field trail in different rainfall, effects of deep plowing time during the fallow period and fertilization method on wheat plant population, yield, water use efficiency(WUE), and fertilizer use efficiency(FUE) in dryland soil were investigated. Results showed that, water storage of 0-200 cm soil before sowing, yield, WUE and FUE were influenced by precipitation and rainfall distribution, deep plowing time during fallow period, and fertilization method. In humid year of fallow period, yield was increased 75.29% and 170.39%, water storage of 0-200 cm soil before sowing was increased 42.77 mm and 116.91 mm, WUE was increased 2.94 kg·mm-1·hm-2 and 8.77 kg·mm-1·hm-2 than that in normal year and in dry year, respectively. Nitrogen use efficiency(NUE) and phosphorous use efficiency(PUE) were also higher. Deep plowing in early or mid-August could facilitate soil water storage, N and P absorption of wheat, and the number of stems before winter and the spike number. When deep plowing in mid-August, wheat yield was 5.43%-18.15%, water storage of 0-200 cm soil before sowing was 12.12-18.45 mm higher than that of deep plowing in mid-July, respectively. Meanwhile, WUE and PUE were also higher. Compared with N, P fertilizers applied before sowing, P applied with deep plowing during fallow period and N applied before sowing could increase the number of stems before winter and at jointing stage, the spike number and kernels per spike, facilitate N and P accumulation and transfer of wheat, and increase wheat yield. Water storage of 0-200 cm soil before mature time, WUE were also higher. Under current climate and farming conditions of south Shanxi, the increased grain yield of wheat and higher WUE and FUE could be achieved by applied P fertilizer when deep plowing between early and mid-August, applied N fertilizer before sowing for promoting soil water penetration characteristics to improve the number of stems before winter and at jointing stage, and spike number. |
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| Keywords: | Dryland Deep plowing time Fertilization method Wheat yield WUE and FUE |
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