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Congenital Ureteral Ectopia in Continent and Incontinent‐Related Entlebucher Mountain Dogs: 13 Cases (2006–2009)
Authors:C North  JM Kruger  PJ Venta  JM Miller  DS Rosenstein  EK Randall  B White  SD Fitzgerald
Institution:1. Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, East Lansing, MI;2. Florida Veterinary Referral Center, Estero, FL.;3. Department of Michigan State University College of Veterinary Medicine, East Lansing, MI;4. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI;5. VCA South Shore Animal Hospital, Weymouth, MA;6. Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Fort Collins, CO;7. Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, East Lansing, MI
Abstract:Background: Ectopic ureters (EUs) associated with varying combinations of urinary incontinence, hydronephrosis, and urinary tract infection have been identified in related North American Entlebucher Mountain Dogs. Objectives: To characterize the disease phenotype in affected dogs and evaluate possible modes of inheritance. Animals: Twenty client‐owned Entlebucher Mountain Dogs. Nine dogs had clinical signs of urinary tract disease. Methods: Prospective case series in which 17 dogs were evaluated with excretory urography, ultrasonography, and urethrocystoscopy. Three additional dogs were evaluated by necropsy alone. Clinical and pedigree histories from 165 North American Entlebuchers were compiled for analysis. Results: Eleven female and 2 male dogs were found to have EUs. Six females and 1 male were continent. Bilateral intravesicular ectopic ureters (IVEUs) were identified in 9 dogs, bilateral extravesicular ectopic ureters (EVEUs) in 3 dogs, and 1 dog had IVEU and EVEU. Hydronephrosis was identified in 5 dogs, 3 of which had bilateral IVEUs. Two necropsied dogs had bilateral hydronephrosis with presumed ureterovesical junction obstruction associated with chronic granulation tissue or lymphoplasmacytic inflammation. Twenty‐six dogs with EUs were identified in the pedigree. Because of incomplete penetrance, mode of inheritance could not be determined. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Ureteral ectopia is common in North American Entlebucher Mountain Dogs and clinical signs alone could not reliably predict disease phenotype. EVEUs were associated with urinary incontinence and occasionally hydronephrosis. IVEUs were clinically silent or associated with hydronephrosis. Further analyses are necessary to confirm and characterize the hereditary nature of the disorder.
Keywords:Hydronephrosis  Interureteral orifice distance  Ureteral obstruction  Urinary tract infection
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