| 振动横挡阻隔式旋耕防粘结刀辊设计与试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘国阳,夏俊芳,郑侃,程健,魏有帅,国立伟,吏晓锋,张居敏.振动横挡阻隔式旋耕防粘结刀辊设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2022,38(23):29-40. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘国阳 夏俊芳 郑侃 程健 魏有帅 国立伟 吏晓锋 张居敏 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 华中农业大学工学院，武汉 430070;;1. 华中农业大学工学院，武汉 430070; 2. 农业农村部长江中下游农业装备重点实验室，武汉 430070; |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（32271994，31901412）；国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFD0301300）；学院引导专项（2022GXYD004） |
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| 摘 要： | 针对长江中下游水旱轮作区旋耕刀辊作业时土壤粘附严重问题，导致作业质量差、效率低，该研究设计了一种能够实现刀辊内部固有部件防粘与横挡部件脱附的振动横挡阻隔式旋耕防粘刀辊。对振动横挡作用下土壤受力状态及激振装置结构进行分析，确定激振装置结构参数范围；通过对防粘刀辊结构与旋耕刀抛土运动学与动力学分析，设计防粘刀辊结构参数，得到土壤-旋耕刀分离运动学要求，明确影响防粘刀辊脱附性能关键因素为旋耕切土节距、刀辊转速、横挡回转半径。结合离散元仿真以单位时间内横挡与土壤颗粒的接触次数为防粘刀辊脱附性能评价指标进行Box-Behnken试验，确定最优参数组合为旋耕切土节距6.3 cm，刀辊转速260 r/min，横挡回转半径140 mm，此时单位时间内横挡与土壤颗粒的接触次数为127.89。在最优参数组合条件下对激振装置进行优化设计，通过MATLAB分析横挡在激振装置驱动下的运动特性，确定了激振装置结构参数。为验证振动横挡阻隔式旋耕防粘刀辊的适用性和减粘脱附性能，在最优参数组合下进行田间试验。多田块性能试验与旋耕对比试验结果表明：该刀辊适用于小麦机械化种床整备作业，所设计旋耕防粘刀辊土壤粘附量远小于常用旋耕刀辊，耕深稳定性系数、厢面平整度、碎土率、粘附量、轴向分布均匀度和秸秆埋覆率的均值分别为92.02%、15.21 mm、81.81%、2.63kg、10.99%和92.27%，均满足国家标准与农艺要求。研究结果可为长江中下游水旱轮作区旋耕机减粘脱附设计提供理论基础与技术支持。
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| 关 键 词： | 农业机械 设计 试验 横挡 阻隔式 粘附 振动脱附 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/7/21 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022/9/30 0:00:00 |
Design and experiments of the barrier type rotary anti-adhesion blade roller with vibration crosspiece |
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| Liu Guoyang,Xia Junfang,Zheng Kan,Cheng Jian,Wei Youshuai,Guo Liwei,Li Xiaofeng,Zhang Jumin.Design and experiments of the barrier type rotary anti-adhesion blade roller with vibration crosspiece[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2022,38(23):29-40. |
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| Authors: | Liu Guoyang Xia Junfang Zheng Kan Cheng Jian Wei Youshuai Guo Liwei Li Xiaofeng Zhang Jumin |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;;1. College of Engineering, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430070, China; |
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| Abstract: | In the paddy upland rotation area in the middle and lower of the Yangtze River, rice-rape or rice-wheat rotation in paddy field is the dominant rotation system. The alternate drying and wetting process in the rotation tends to make the soil sticky and compact. In actual preparation of arable lands, the soil easily adheres to soil-engaging components of tillage machine and affects the plowing efficiency and quality, thus leading to low traction efficiency and high power consumption. Aiming at the problems of poor quality and low efficiency of rotary blade roller caused by soil adhesion during paddy field operation in the paddy upland rotation area in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, a barrier type rotary anti-adhesion blade roller with vibration crosspiece was designed in this study. It can be used to realize the anti-adhesion of inherent components and the detachment performance of the crosspiece in the operation process. The rotation radius of crosspiece is greater than the cutter shaft. During the working process, a closed cylindrical area could be formed to isolate the cutter shaft, so as to prevent the soil thrown by the rotary tillage blade from adhering to the cutter shaft. The shear movement direction of the upper and lower crosspiece symmetrically installed on the blade roller driven by the vibration excitation device is opposite. It could shear the soil adhered on the cutter shaft to break it and then fall off. At the same time, the acceleration generated by the reciprocating motion of the crosspiece driven by the vibration excitation device makes it difficult for the soil to adhere to the crosspiece bar surface. Finally, by the comprehensive effect of barrier, shear and vibration of the crosspiece, the soil that enters to the rotary blade roller could realizes the function of adhesion reduction and detachment. The force state of soil particles under the action of vibration crosspiece and the structure of vibration excitation device were analyzed to determine the range of structural parameters of vibration excitation device. Through the analysis of the structure of anti-adhesion blade roller and the throwing kinematics and dynamic process of rotary tillage blade, the structural parameters of anti-adhesion blade roller were designed, and the kinematic requirements for the separation of soil and rotary tillage blade were obtained. The key factors affecting the detachment performance of anti-adhesion blade roller were determined as cutting pitch of rotary tillage, blade roller rotary speed and rotation radius of crosspiece. Combined with the discrete element simulation, the Box-Behnken experiment was carried out with the number of contact between soil particles and crosspiece per unit time as the evaluation index of the detachment performance of rotary blade roller. The optimal combination of parameters was determined as the cutting pitch of rotary tillage of 6.3cm, the blade roller rotary speed of 260r/min and the rotation radius of crosspiece of 140mm. The simulation experiment was carried out again according to the optimization results, and the contact numbers between crosspiece and soil particles per unit time were 127.89, and the relative errors was 6.44% respectively, which was basically consistent with the prediction results of the regression equation. Under the condition of optimal parameter combination, the structural parameters of vibration excitation device were optimized. The motion characteristics of the crosspiece driven by vibration excitation device were analyzed by MATLAB software, and the structural parameters were obtained. In order to verify the applicability and detachment performance of a barrier type rotary anti-adhesion blade roller with vibration crosspiece, three paddy fields were selected as experimental sites. The field experiments were carried out under the optimal parameters combination. The results of multi field performance experiment and rotary tillage comparison experiment showed that it was suitable for mechanized seed bed preparation in most paddy fields. The soil adhesion of the designed rotary tillage anti-adhesion blade roller was much less than that of the traditional rotary blade roller. The average values of tillage depth stability coefficient, soil layer levelness, soil broken rate, adhesion mass, soil distribution uniformity and straw buried rate were 92.02%, 15.21 mm, 81.81%, 2.63 kg, 10.99% and 92.27% respectively. All indexes could meet the design index and agronomic requirements. The research results can provide theoretical basis and technical support for the design of adhesion reduction and detachment of rotary tiller in paddy field in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. |
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| Keywords: | agricultural machinery design experiment crosspiece barrier type adhesion vibration detachment |
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