| 叉指电容式棉花穴播取种状态监测系统研制 |
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| 引用本文： | 徐洛川,胡斌,罗昕,任玲,郭孟宇,毛自斌,蔡一全,王健.叉指电容式棉花穴播取种状态监测系统研制[J].农业工程学报,2022,38(23):50-60. |
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| 作者姓名： | 徐洛川 胡斌 罗昕 任玲 郭孟宇 毛自斌 蔡一全 王健 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 石河子大学机械电气工程学院，石河子 832000;;1. 石河子大学机械电气工程学院，石河子 832000; 2. 农业农村部西北农业装备重点实验室，石河子 832003; |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金资助项目（52165036）石河子大学高层次人才项目（RCZK2021B17） |
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| 摘 要： | 针对气吸式穴播器重播和漏播，以及传统排种检测装置不适配且易受环境温湿度影响的问题，开发了一种基于叉指型电容传感器的棉花穴播取种状态监测系统：首先设计符合其结构和工作特点的传感器，以Pcap02微小电容采集模块采集电容输出值并对其处理分析，实现对正常单粒播种、重播和漏播的准确判定，并进行台架性能试验、台架模拟验证试验和台架试验。性能验证试验表明：该模块测量误差在1%以内，棉种质量预测模型的测量误差小于3%，满足使用要求。台架模拟验证试验表明：在速度为30～50 r/min范围内，正常单粒播种试验中误判率小于3%，重播试验中误判率小于4%，漏播均可以被准确判定，但由于棉种质量差异，存在正常单粒播种被误判为重漏播和重播被误判为正常单粒的情况；台架试验表明：由于振动导致系统整体监测精度下降，但均保持在93%以上；F检验分析可知：系统监测与机器视觉监测的正常播种、漏播和重播的F值＜F0.05（6.39），P0.05＞0.05，不存在显著差异。该系统能满足气吸式穴播器的结构和工作特点，能准确判定其取种状态，具有较好的准确性和稳定性，对棉花实现精量播种具有重要意义。
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| 关 键 词： | 气吸式穴播器 叉指型电容传感器 排种监测 电容变化量 取种状态 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/8/9 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022/12/12 0:00:00 |
Development of a seeding state monitoring system using interdigital capacitor for cotton seeds |
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| Xu Luochuan,Hu Bin,Luo Xin,Ren Ling,Guo Mengyu,Mao Zibin,Cai Yiquan,Wang Jian.Development of a seeding state monitoring system using interdigital capacitor for cotton seeds[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2022,38(23):50-60. |
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| Authors: | Xu Luochuan Hu Bin Luo Xin Ren Ling Guo Mengyu Mao Zibin Cai Yiquan Wang Jian |
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| Institution: | 1. Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Academy of Shihezi University, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China;;1. Mechanical and Electrical Engineering Academy of Shihezi University, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Areas, Shihezi 832003, China; |
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| Abstract: | With the continuous improvement of agricultural mechanization, precision seeders have been widely used in large-scale sowing operations. The precision seeder in Xinjiang was mainly pneumatic dibbler, which could realize the function of one hole and one seed. It could not only save the cotton seeds during sowing, but also increase the yield of cotton. However, in the traditional sowing operation, the seeding process of the pneumatic dibbler was accomplished in a closed state. The operator could not directly judge its working state. And it was impossible to completely avoid such sowing failures as the missed-seeding and multiple-seeding, which seriously affect the sowing quality. To solve the problem of missed-seeding, the main solution were to reseed at the position of missed sowing after the emergence of seedlings. However, it may caused the cotton could not opened and be harvested in time. It could resulted in a decline in quality and yield of cotton. In addition, to solve the problem of multiple-seeding, the main solution was the thinning seedlings in late stage. The cost of these methods were huge. Therefore, it was necessary to judge the sowing state through the detection methods of seeding. However, the traditional detection device was not suitable for the pneumatic dibbler. It was often influenced by the temperature and humidity. In response for these problems, a real-time monitoring system for the seeding of pneumatic dibbler was designed and developed based on interdigital capacitive sensor in this research. First of all, the sensor was designed based on the structure and working characteristics of the pneumatic dibbler. The output capacitance value of the sensor was collected and analyzed by the micro capacitance acquisition system which was developed by the Pcap02 chip. System performance verification test, simulation verification test and bench test were then conducted, which were mainly composed by the interdigital capacitive sensor , the micro capacitance acquisition system and experimental prototype dibbler. The performance verification test showed that the measurement error of the system capacitance was within 1%. The measurement error of prediction model of cotton seed quality was less than 3%. It inferred that the micro capacitance acquisition system fully met the requirements of measurement. Simulation verification test showed that the system was accurate in the missed-seeding test. In the normal sowing test, the misjudgment rate was less than 3%. Due to the difference of the quality of cotton seed, the normal sowing was misjudged as miss-seeding and multiple-seeding in this test. In the multi-seeding test, the misjudgment rate was less than 4%.The multiple-seeding was misjudged as uni-grain sowing. Because the quality of cotton seed combination was approximated to the multiple-seeding judgment threshold. The bench test showed that the overall monitoring accuracy of the system decreased due to the certain vibration caused by the motor, but the overall monitoring accuracy of the system remains at 93%. Among them, the overall monitoring accuracy of normal sowing, missed-seeding and multi-seeding was 96.4, 94.04 and 93.9% respectively under the working speed of 30-45 r/min, which was lower than the overall monitoring accuracy of the simulation verification test. In order to judge the difference between the system and the machine vision, the variance of the test data was analyzed through the F test. The F values of the number of normal seeding, missed-seeding and multiple-seeding, which were measured by the system and machine vision, were lesser than F0.05 (6.39). The P0.05 value of the number of normal seeding, missed-seeding and multiple-seeding were greater than 0.05. Therefore there was no significant difference between the system monitoring values and the machine vision measured values, and the system had good detection accuracy and stability. It has a great significance for the precision sowing of cotton. |
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| Keywords: | pneumatic dibbler interdigital capacitive sensor monitor capacitance variation seed status |
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