| 中国农田生态系统氮素平衡模型的建立及其应用 |
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| 引用本文： | 王激清,马文奇,江荣风,张福锁.中国农田生态系统氮素平衡模型的建立及其应用[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(8):210-215. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王激清 马文奇 江荣风 张福锁 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 农业部植物营养学重点实验室,教育部植物-土壤相互作用重点实验室,中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京,100094
2. 河北农业大学资源与环境学院,保定,071001 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家引进国际先进农业科学技术计划(948计划);国家自然科学基金 |
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| 摘 要： | 借助物质流分析中"输入=输出+盈余"的物质守恒原理，以氮素养分为介质建立中国农田生态系统氮素平衡模型，然后用2004年中国农业统计资料和文献查询获取的参数，估算中国不同地区的氮养分输入输出以及养分盈余并分析养分产生的环境效应。模型计算结果表明，2004年农田生态系统通过挥发、反硝化、植株蒸腾、淋溶径流和侵蚀等途径损失的氮为1132.8万t，盈余在农田生态系统土壤中的氮为1301.2万t；通过损失途径进入环境中的氮养分和盈余在农田生态系统中的单位面积耕地氮养分负荷高风险地区均集中在中国的东南沿海和部分中部地区。优化化学氮肥用量，有机氮肥与化学氮肥配合施用是降低农田生态系统氮养分污染潜势的最基本措施，针对中国不同地区因地制宜地制定合理种植结构和推广农田精准化施肥也是十分必要的。
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| 关 键 词： | 平衡模型 氮 耕地负荷 环境效应 |
| 文章编号： | 1002-6819（2007）8-0210-06 |
| 收稿时间： | 2007/1/11 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2007-01-112007-07-29 |
Development and application of nitrogen balance model of agro-ecosystem in China |
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| Wang Jiqing,Ma Wenqi,Jiang Rongfeng and Zhang Fusuo.Development and application of nitrogen balance model of agro-ecosystem in China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2007,23(8):210-215. |
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| Authors: | Wang Jiqing Ma Wenqi Jiang Rongfeng and Zhang Fusuo |
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| Institution: | Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China;College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hebei Agriculture University, Baoding 071001, China;Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China;Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China |
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| Abstract: | Based on the theory of conservation of substance "input = output + surplus" in substance flow analysis(SFA) method, N nutrient balance model of agro-ecosystem in China was built. Data obtained from China agriculture statistical report in 2004 and parameters acquired from recent references, input, output and surplus of N nutrient in agro-ecosystem of China were estimated for appraising environmental effect, results were shown as follows: N loss through emission, denitrification, plant transpiration, leaching and corrosion was 1132.8×104 t in 2004, N surplus was 1301.2×104 t in agro-ecosystem, and high environmental risk arose by these two parts of N nutrient existing in southeast of China and some central regions. For sake of decreasing high environment risk, some measures were put forward in this paper that chemical N fertilizer application rate must be optimized, and organic N fertilizer and chemical N fertilizer must be cooperated, it was also necessary to work out the rational pattern of planting and extending precision fertilization. |
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| Keywords: | balance model nitrogen cropland load environmental effect |
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