Biodegradation of the herbicide bromoxynil and its plant cell wall bound residues in an agricultural soil |
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| Authors: | P Rosenbrock |
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| Institution: | GSF-National Research Center for Environment and Health, Institute of Soil Ecology, DE-85764 Neuherberg, Germany |
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| Abstract: | The mineralization and formation of metabolites and nonextractable residues of the herbicide 14C]bromoxyniloctanoate (14C]3,5-dibromo-4-octanoylbenzonitrile) and the corresponding agent substance 14C]bromoxynil (14C]3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzonitrile) was investigated in a soil from an agricultural site in a model experiment. The mineralization of maize cell wall bound bromoxynil residues was also investigated in the agricultural soil material. The mineralization of 14C]bromoxynil and 14C]bromoxyniloctanoate in soil within 60 days amounted up to 42 and 49%, respectively. After the experiments, 52% of the originally applied 14C]bromoxynil and 44% of the 14C]bromoxyniloctanoate formed nonextractable residues in soil. Plant cell wall bound 14C]bromoxynil residues were also mineralized to an extent of about 21% within 70 days; the main portion of 76% persisted as nonextractable residues in the soil. In bacterial enrichment cultures and in soil two polar metabolites were observed; one of it could be identified as 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzoate and the other could be described tentatively as 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenzamide. |
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| Keywords: | Bromoxynil Bromoxyniloctanoate Cell wall bound residues Mineralization Soil Microbial enrichment cultures |
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