| 导致一例强沙尘暴的若干天气因素的观测和模拟研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 姜学恭,沈建国,刘景涛,陈受钧.导致一例强沙尘暴的若干天气因素的观测和模拟研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2004(Z1). |
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| 作者姓名： | 姜学恭 沈建国 刘景涛 陈受钧 |
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| 作者单位： | 内蒙古气象台 010051
(姜学恭，刘景涛)，内蒙古自治区气象局 010051
(沈建国)，北京大学物理学院大气科学系 100871(陈受钧) |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科技部重点科技攻关项目《沙尘暴成因及综合防治技术开发与示范》(2000-k01-03-02)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 利用常规观测资料和数值模拟方法对影响2001年4月6-8日强沙尘暴天气发生的若干天气因素进行了研究。结果表明在本次“锋面气旋型”沙尘暴过程中,气旋冷锋是引发强沙尘暴的主要系统,冷锋过境对沙尘暴的触发作用远强于气旋发展。冷锋的动力学特点决定其常与强沙尘暴伴随。影响沙尘暴的诸多天气因素中,影响地面大风形成的有效动量下传机制为高空急流下沉支使高空动量下传至对流层中层,其下方形成的深厚混合层使这一动量继续下传到地面。“混合层”从本质上反映了有利沙尘暴形成的大气层结特征,深厚混合层的是否形成很大程度决定着沙尘暴的强度。本次过程深厚混合层的形成是长时间地面加热的结果,这也是特强沙尘暴仅发生在内蒙古中部偏北地区而不是下垫面条件更为适宜的内蒙古西部的原因。混合层空气的平流对内蒙古中部偏北地区深厚混合层的形成具有相当的贡献,其影响程度与地形分布密切相关。地面热通量试验表明地面加热对冷锋过境时上升运动的强度、深厚混合层形成、高空动量下传等具有重要影响,并因此影响沙尘暴强度。
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| 关 键 词： | 沙尘暴 观测研究 数值模拟 混合层 |
Observational and Numerical Study on Some Weather Factors Assciating With a Severe Dust Storm |
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| JIANG Xue-gong,SHEN Jian-guo,LIU Jing-tao,CHEN Shou-jun.Observational and Numerical Study on Some Weather Factors Assciating With a Severe Dust Storm[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2004(Z1). |
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| Authors: | JIANG Xue-gong SHEN Jian-guo LIU Jing-tao CHEN Shou-jun |
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| Institution: | JIANG Xue-gong 1 SHEN Jian-guo 2 LIU Jing-tao 1 CHEN Shou-jun 3 |
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| Abstract: | Observational study and numerical simulation were conducted on a severe dust storm process induced by the intensive development of Mongolia cyclone occurred from 6 to 8 April 2001 in Inner Mongolia. The results showed that in this "cyclonic dust storm" process the cyclonic cold front was the direct and important portion of cyclone system inducing the dust storm. The strong surface wind, which associated with the strength of dust storm closely, was mainly caused by the rapid cyclogenesis and the cold advection. And the reason of the maximal surface wind formed in the middle-north part of Inner Mongolia was the formation of deep daytime mixed layer (ML), which transported the great momentum in the mid-lower troposphere down to the surface. The ML was the crucial stratification factor affecting the formation of dust storm. It's depth and strength mostly determined the strength of dust storm. In this case the reason that the black storm occurred in the middle-north part of Inner Mongolia was the formation of deep ML, which was induced by the surface heating for a long time. The advection of the ML air also contributed to the formation of deep ML there. Then, the deep dry convection was induced when the cold front passed and the severe dust storm occurred. The sensitivity experiment proved that the surface heating was the crucial factor inducing the formation of deep ML. It also influenced the strength of surface wind by affecting the downward momentum transportation in the lower troposphere. Through them the surface heating worked on the formation of dust storm. |
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| Keywords: | dust storm observational study numerical simulation mixed layer |
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