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Effect of penetration speed on flesh firmness measured on stored kiwifruit |
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| Authors: | Jinquan Feng Andrew McGloneDavid Tanner Anne WhiteShane Olsson Mary Petleylan Woolf |
| Institution: | a The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Mt Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92169, Auckland 1142, New Zealand b The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand c ZESPRI International Ltd, 400 Maunganui Rd., Mt Maunganui, New Zealand |
| Abstract: | The effect of penetration speed on flesh firmness (FF) measurement by motorised penetrometer was examined for ‘Hayward’ (Actinidia deliciosa var. deliciosa) and ‘Hort16A’ (Actinidia chinensis Planch. var. chinensis) kiwifruit. Data was collected for penetration speeds varying from 4 to 40 mm s−1 using stored fruit of FF ∼10 N; a typical minimum FF threshold for export from New Zealand. Measurements were made on a number of instruments (Instron, GUSS FTA, HortPlus, TA.XTplus), using fruit from different orchards and in each of two different seasons. As expected, FF values increased with increasing penetration speed. A firmness-speed model was developed, based on the Maxwell rheological model for viscoelastic materials, which proved adequate in describing the FF data in terms of the effect of penetration speed. The effect of penetration speed was not adversely influenced by cultivar, season or instrument type. Within the range of fruit firmness examined - stored fruit below 20 N - it was concluded that the firmness-speed model could be successfully used to compare firmness values generated using instruments operating at different penetration speeds. |
| Keywords: | Penetrometer Actinidia deliciosa Actinidia chinesis Maxwell model Loading velocity |
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