| 秸秆覆盖对夏玉米田棵间蒸发和土壤温度的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈素英,张喜英,裴冬,孙宏勇.秸秆覆盖对夏玉米田棵间蒸发和土壤温度的影响[J].灌溉排水学报,2004,23(4):32-36. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈素英 张喜英 裴冬 孙宏勇 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国科学院,石家庄农业现代化研究所,河北,石家庄,050021;中国科学院,石家庄农业现代化研究所,河北,石家庄,050021;中国科学院,石家庄农业现代化研究所,河北,石家庄,050021;中国科学院,石家庄农业现代化研究所,河北,石家庄,050021 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院知识创新工程重要创新项目(KZCX2SW3172)，河北科技重大攻关资助项目(01220703D) |
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| 摘 要： | 华北平原高产农区冬小麦和夏玉米实行1年二作的种植制度,夏玉米生长在雨热同期的6～9月,降雨能满足夏玉米50%左右的需求,需灌溉1～2水。研究表明,夏玉米田全生育期土壤的无效蒸发占其总蒸散的1/3左右。实施秸秆覆盖可以有效地保墒土壤、降低土壤蒸发,大大提高夏玉米的水分利用效率。试验结果表明,秸秆覆盖对土壤蒸发的抑制率3年平均为58%,前期由于LAI小,土壤裸露,秸秆覆盖的效果更明显。秸秆覆盖可以有效地平抑地温的变化,降低地温的日振幅,缓和昼夜温差,避免了地温的剧烈变化,能有效地缓解地温的激变对作物根部产生的伤害。由于秸秆覆盖改善了土壤的水热变化,有利于作物的生长和产量和水分利用效率的提高。11年的覆盖试验结果表明,在不同的年型,秸秆覆盖处理平均增产4.35%,水分利用效率平均提高12.26%,耗水系数平均降低9.75%。
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| 关 键 词： | 秸秆覆盖 棵间蒸发 夏玉米 土壤温度 |
| 文章编号： | 1000-646X(2004)04-0032-05 |
| 修稿时间： | 2004年1月13日 |
Soil Evaporation and Soil Temperature in Maize Field Mulched with Wheat Straw |
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| CHEN Su-ying,ZHANG Xi-ying,PEI Dong,SUN Hong-yong.Soil Evaporation and Soil Temperature in Maize Field Mulched with Wheat Straw[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2004,23(4):32-36. |
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| Authors: | CHEN Su-ying ZHANG Xi-ying PEI Dong SUN Hong-yong |
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| Abstract: | Winter wheat and maize are planted as a two-crops per year rotation system in the North China. The growing season of maize in this region falls during the rainy and high temperature season, from June to September. Usually the rainfall during this period can meet more than 50% the requirements of the maize, 1to 2 times irrigation is needed. The study showed that the ratio of evaporation (E) to evapotranspiration (ET) in Maize is about 1/3. The effect of straw mulch can reduce soil evaporation and increase soil water moisture and water use efficiency (WUE). The 3 years study shows that the average soil evaporation rate for mulched treatment was 58% smaller than that of non-mulched treatment, especiallyat the earlier stage of maize when leaf area index (LAI) was smaller. The effect of straw mulched on soil-temperature (ST) showed that it can reduce the ST swing between maximal and minimal and relax the ST between day and night. All these effect is useful for the maize growing. The results of 11 years studies showed that the yield of maize for mulched treatment increased 1.35% t and WUE increased 12.26% and the coefficient of water use reduce 9.75% than non-mulched treatment. |
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| Keywords: | straw mulching soil evaporation maize soil temperature |
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