| 中国水稻生产形势分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 胡忠孝.中国水稻生产形势分析[J].杂交水稻,2009,24(6). |
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| 作者姓名： | 胡忠孝 |
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| 作者单位： | 湖南农业大学,农学院,湖南,长沙,410128;国家杂交水稻工程技术研究中心,湖南,长沙,410125 |
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| 摘 要： | 对1991-2007年中国各省(区、市)水稻生产统计数据进行分析,结果表明:1991-2007年中国水稻种植面积总体呈现下降趋势,从1991年的3 259.01万hm~2下降到2007年的2 891.90万hm~2,下降幅度达到11.26%;水稻单产从1991年的5 745 kg/hm~2上升到2007年的6 433 kg/hm~2,上升幅度11.98%,单产的提高在一定程度上确保了水稻总产变化相对平稳;东部经济发达地区水稻种植面积明显下降,中部和西部变化相对平稳;南方水稻种植面积明显下降,东北地区明显上升,华北、西北地区小幅下降;南方地区单季稻比例快速上升,双改单现象明显,这是导致中国水稻种植面积下降的重要原因.要保证全国水稻生产平稳发展,重点在于稳定南方水稻种植面积,一要加大耕地保护力度,二要合理处理粮食作物与非粮食作物之间的结构调整,三是稳定双季稻种植面积.目前的工作重点是要稳定湖南、江西等水稻种植大省的双季稻种植面积.
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| 关 键 词： | 水稻 生产 面积 产量 中国 |
Analysis of the Situation of Rice Production in China |
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| HU Zhong-xiao.Analysis of the Situation of Rice Production in China[J].Hybrid Rice,2009,24(6). |
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| Authors: | HU Zhong-xiao |
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| Abstract: | The situation of rice production was analyzed based on the statistic data of rice production of all provinces of China during 1991-2007. The results showed that there was a downward trend in planting area of rice from 1991 to 2007. The planting area of rice was reduced from 32.5901 million hm~2 in 1991 to 28.9190 million hm~2 in 2007 with a decreasing rate of 11.26%. However, the yield of rice was raised from 5745 kg/hm~2 in 1991 to 6433 kg/hm~2 in 2007 with an increasing rate of 11.98%. As a result, the production of rice remained at a relatively balanced level during 1991-2007 (187.35 million t in 1991 and 186.04 million t in 2007). In regard to the planting area of rice, it decreased sharply in the economically developed eastern part of China but did not change much in the central and western parts of China; it decreased greatly in the south of China, increased markedly in Northeast China and decreased a little in North China and Northwest China. The percentage of single cropping rice area to total rice area went up rapidly in the south of China for the alteration of planting patterns from double cropping rice to single cropping rice, which was a very important reason of the decrease in rice growing area in China. To ensure a stable development of rice production in China, it is very important to keep the rice area from decreasing in the south of China. The measures to be taken could be: 1) to strengthen protection of cultivated land; 2) to have a rational structural adjustment to keep a balance between food crops and non-food crops; and 3) to ensure a stable area of double cropping rice. What's most important currently is to stabilize the area of double cropping rice in such major rice growing provinces as Hunan and Jiangxi. |
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| Keywords: | production area yield China |
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