Taxonomic diversity,functional diversity and evolutionary uniqueness in bird communities of Beijing's urban parks: Effects of land use and vegetation structure |
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| Institution: | 1. Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Applied Geoinformatics and Spatial Planning, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic;2. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Tropical Plant and Animal Ecology, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, PR China;3. School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, PR China;1. Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan;2. Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan;3. Faculty of Liberal Arts, The Open University of Japan, Wakaba 2-11, Mihama-ku, Chiba 261-8586, Japan;1. School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, 500 Yarra Boulevard, Richmond, Victoria 3121, Australia;2. Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, c/o The School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Victoria, Australia;1. Department of Environmental and Geographical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa;2. Percy FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, DST-NRF Centre of Excellence, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa;3. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa;4. ARC Centre of Excellence in Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia;1. Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Department of Applied Geoinformatics and Spatial Planning, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 00 Prague 6, Czech Republic;2. Terre.it Srl, largo Decio Filipponi n°30/a, Palazzo Costa, 62028 Sarnano, MC, Italy;3. Department of Economics, Society & Politics, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Campus E. Mattei, 61029, Urbino, PU, Italy;1. School of Environmental Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW 2640, Australia;2. Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, Albury, NSW 2640, Australia |
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| Abstract: | The importance of biodiversity conservation is well recognized, and the loss of biodiversity is particularly evident in highly urbanized areas. On the other hand, green spaces inside cities, as parks, can provide a resource for maintaining and increasing biodiversity, especially for bird species. However, only a few studies have addressed the effects of vegetation structure and land use composition on different components of biodiversity.Here, we explored the response of bird community composition to environmental differences related to land use composition and vegetation structure in green spaces in the city of Beijing, China. We compared the values of taxonomic diversity, functional diversity and community evolutionary distinctiveness in breeding bird communities, among ten urban parks of the world's third most populous city. Variation partitioning analysis and generalized linear mixed models were used to explore the unique and shared effects of land use composition and vegetation structure on each biodiversity metric.Park size was not associated with the diversity of bird communities in Beijing. Land use composition was the best predictor of change in bird community composition, followed by vegetation structure at ground level and the intersection between land use and vegetation structure at tree level. Water coverage increased bird species richness, while the presence of large trees increased both taxonomic diversity and bird functional richness in urban parks. Finally, the presence of patches of deciduous trees showed a positive effect on the average score of evolutionary distinctiveness of bird communities. In conclusion, we highlight that different elements of the environment are supporting different components of bird community diversity. |
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| Keywords: | Biodiversity Evolutionary distinctiveness Functional diversity Species richness Urban parks Vegetation structure |
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