Tree canopy change and neighborhood stability: A comparative analysis of Washington,D.C. and Baltimore,MD |
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| Institution: | 1. National Research Council, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA;2. School of Sustainability, Arizona State University, 800 South Cady Mall, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA;3. National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC), 1 Park Places, Suite 300, Annapolis, MD 21401, USA;4. USDA Forest Service, 5523 Research Park Drive, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;5. Georgetown University, 3700 O Street NW, Washington, DC 20057, USA;6. Department of Geography, Ohio University, Athens, OH 45701, USA;7. United Nations Population Fund, 220 E 42nd St, New York, NY 10017, USA;1. Department of Earth Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4E2, Canada;2. Department of Geography, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA;3. School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA;1. Department of Geography, University of Idaho, 875 Perimeter Dr, MS 3021, Moscow, ID, 83844, United States;2. Keller Science Action Center, The Field Museum, United States;3. Chicago Region Trees Initiative, The Morton Arboretum, United States;1. Community Alliance for Research and Engagement, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA;2. Drexel School of Public Health, Department of Community Health and Prevention, Philadelphia, PA, USA;3. Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA;1. School of Geography, Planning & Environment, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia Brisbane, Qld 4072 Australia;2. ARC Centre of Excellence, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia;1. Urban Design 4 Health, 353 Rockingham St., Rochester, NY 14620, USA;2. University of Washington, College of the Environment, Box 352100, Seattle, WA 98195-2100, USA;3. California Department of Health Care Services, P.O. Box 997413, MS 0000, Sacramento, CA 95899-7413, USA;4. Sacramento Tree Foundation, 191 Lathrop Way Suite D, Sacramento, CA 95815, USA;5. California ReLeaf, 2112 Tenth Street, Sacramento, CA 95818, USA;6. University of Vermont, 81 Carrigan Drive, Aiken Center, Room 205E, Burlington, VT 05405, USA;7. Urban Design 4 Health & University of British Columbia, 235-1933 West Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z2 |
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| Abstract: | Trees provide important health, ecosystem, and aesthetic services in urban areas, but they are unevenly distributed. Some neighborhoods have abundant tree canopy and others nearly none. We analyzed how neighborhood characteristics and changes in income over time related to the distribution of urban tree canopy in Washington, D.C. and Baltimore, MD. We used stepwise multiple regression analysis to identify strong predictors of UTC, from variables found in neighborhoods with different patterns of wealth-stability over time. We then built spatial lag models to predict variation in UTC cover, using the results of a Principal Component Analysis of the socioeconomic, demographic, and housing characteristics of the two cities. We found that: (1) stable-wealthy neighborhoods were more likely to have more, and more consistent, tree canopy cover than other neighborhood types; (2) decreases and increases in income were negatively associated with UTC in Washington, D.C. but not Baltimore, where income stability in both wealthy and impoverished neighborhoods was a significant predictor of UTC; and (3) the association of high socioeconomic status with UTC coverage varied between the two cities. |
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| Keywords: | Urban tree canopy (UTC) Neighborhood stability Spatial lag regression GIS |
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