The utility of ancient forest indicator species in urban environments: A case study from Poznań, Poland |
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| Institution: | 1. Marine Research (MA-RE) Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa;2. Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation (SEEC), University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch 7701, South Africa;3. Institute of Marine Sciences, Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta, 37-49, E-08003 Barcelona, Spain;1. University of Wroc?aw, Department of Climatology and Atmosphere Protection, 8 Kosiby Str., 51-621 Wroc?aw, Poland;2. Gdańsk University of Technology, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Poland;3. Jagiellonian University, Department of Climatology, Poland;1. Microbiome Research Initiative, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA |
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| Abstract: | We aimed to assess the impact of land-use structure on AFIS occurrence and evaluation of these bioindicators in urban conditions. We compiled data about forest continuity based on archival maps and forest management plans; floristic records of 79 AFIS occurrences were collected within a 1 × 1 km grid and land-use form structure in Poznań (W Poland). We tested fidelity of AFIS using χ2 tests and effects of land-use structure using random forest models. We also checked spatial autocorrelation and its impact on AFIS distribution patterns within old and recent forests, using spatially explicit generalized linear models. We found a strong relationship between AFIS number per grid square and fraction of forests and waters in land-use structure. Relationships between AFIS distribution and land-use shows that AFIS are a good proxy describing human impact or an urbanity gradient. AFIS number per grid square shows small, but significant positive spatial autocorrelation, which suggests possibilities of migration into new forests. AFIS, treated as a bioindicative group of species, may be a useful indicator of landscape and land-use structure transformation in urban environments. Occurrence of many AFIS that are endangered at the city scale indicates the need for conservation of old forests in urban areas, to preserve biodiversity in urban environments. Thus, AFIS may act as indicators of old forests with high conservation value in cities, which need special protection. |
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| Keywords: | Ancient forest indicator species Human impact Urbanization Urban landscape Urban-rural gradient Forest flora |
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