| 生物有机肥对黄壤烟田真菌群落结构和烟叶产质量的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 王彦锟,韦建玉,金亚波,缪闯和,徐宸,周鑫斌,谢德体.生物有机肥对黄壤烟田真菌群落结构和烟叶产质量的影响[J].西南农业大学学报,2018,40(5):38-45. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王彦锟 韦建玉 金亚波 缪闯和 徐宸 周鑫斌 谢德体 |
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| 作者单位： | 西南大学资源环境学院;广西中烟工业有限责任公司;重庆烟草科学研究所 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(31672238，31372141)；中国烟草总公司重点项目(110201502015)；广西中烟工业有限责任公司项目(CG2016109022) |
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| 摘 要： | 采用定位田间试验,研究生物有机肥对黄壤烟田真菌群落结构和烟叶产质量的影响.结果表明,黄壤烟田连续3年定点施用生物有机肥后,可以改善黄壤烟田土壤真菌群落结构,烟田真菌群落多样性提高.施用生物有机肥处理,可使土壤优势真菌群中有益的子囊菌门粪壳菌目(Sordariales_unclassified)和肉座菌目(Hypocreales)相对丰度增加,具有致病性的赤霉属(Gibberrella)的相对丰度降低,而其他菌属相对丰度变化不大.生物有机肥配合火土灰和磷肥施用降低了烟草发病率,增加烟草的产量和中上等烟叶的比例.总之,在烟叶生产中,推荐采用基施生物有机肥(675kg/hm~2)结合移栽期配施营养土(1 500kg/hm~2)的方法,对提高烟田土壤真菌群落多样性、烟草土传病害控制、烟田生态系统的健康维护及其可持续发展均具有重要实践意义.
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| 关 键 词： | 烟田 生物有机肥 真菌群落结构 |
Effects of Biological Organic Fertilizers on the Structure of Fungal Communities in Yellow-Soil Tobacco Fields and on Tobacco Yield and Quality |
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| WANG Yan-kun,WEI Jian-yu,JIN Ya-bo,MIAO Chuang-he,XU Chen,ZHOU Xin-bin,XIE De-ti.Effects of Biological Organic Fertilizers on the Structure of Fungal Communities in Yellow-Soil Tobacco Fields and on Tobacco Yield and Quality[J].Journal of Southwest Agricultural University,2018,40(5):38-45. |
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| Authors: | WANG Yan-kun WEI Jian-yu JIN Ya-bo MIAO Chuang-he XU Chen ZHOU Xin-bin XIE De-ti |
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| Abstract: | In a stationary field experiment the effects of biological organic fertilizers on the structure of fungal communities in yellow-soil tobacco field and on tobacco yield and quality were investigated. The results indicated that application of biological organic fertilizers for three consecutive years improved the structure and diversity of the fungal communities in yellow-soil tobacco field. Compared with the traditional approach, application of biological organic fertilizers increased the relative abundance of the beneficial orders Sordariales and Hypocreales from the class Sordariomycetes among the dominant fungal communities in the soil and decreased the relative abundance of the pathogenic genus Gibberella, while the relative abundance of other fungal genera did not change significantly. Application of biological organic fertilizers in combination with ash and phosphate fertilizer decreased the disease incidence in tobacco plants, increased tobacco yield, and raised the percentage of intermediate and superior tobacco. Basal application of biological organic fertilizers at 675 kg/hm2 combined with drill-hole application of nutritional soil, composed of well mixed ash 1 372.5 kg, biological organic fertilizers 75 kg and phosphate fertilizer 37.5 kg, at 1 500 kg/hm2 is recommended for yellow-soil tobacco fields. This method has practical significance in improving the diversity of soil fungal communities in tobacco fields, controlling soil-borne diseases of tobacco, maintaining the health of the ecosystem in tobacco fields, and ensuring its sustainable development. Hence, this method should be widely promoted and applied. |
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