| 菊芋饲料的营养价值、生物活性及其对动物生理功能的调控作用 |
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| 引用本文： | 汪悦,薛夫光,蒋林树,熊本海.菊芋饲料的营养价值、生物活性及其对动物生理功能的调控作用[J].动物营养学报,2020(2):497-507. |
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| 作者姓名： | 汪悦 薛夫光 蒋林树 熊本海 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所;北京农学院动物科学技术学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（31572435,31402107）;“十三五”国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0700205,2016YFDO700201) |
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| 摘 要： | 菊芋是一种多年生草本植物,属菊科向日葵属,起源于北美。菊芋地上部分(茎叶)和地下部分(块茎)均可作为优质的动物饲料原料及饲料添加剂。作为饲用牧草,新鲜菊芋茎叶粗蛋白质(CP)和钙(Ca)含量在出苗后11~14周达到峰值,且含量与苜蓿草粉相近。菊芋茎叶青贮饲料的CP与Ca含量均高于玉米青贮饲料,与燕麦、大麦和豆科牧草青贮饲料等相近,可作为部分替代饲料。此外,菊芋中的营养成分以及某些代谢产物在生长发育过程中通过多种分子信号传导途径发生变化,在生物合成和生物降解中具有潜在的重要作用。作为功能性寡糖,菊芋块茎中的菊糖不经过单胃动物的消化酶降解而直接传递到大肠,在胃肠道中主要充当益生元,改善肠道内环境,同时对血糖、脂质代谢和蛋白质代谢均有调控作用;作为生物活性物质,菊芋茎、叶、花中的黄酮类、酚酸类、萜类以及少量的甾醇类、氨基酸和多糖等化合物经大量动物临床试验表明,具有抗氧化、抗炎杀菌以及对多种肿瘤细胞具有一定的毒性作用,医疗价值较高。本综述总结了菊芋的营养特性及发育过程中代谢物的动态变化,概述了菊芋青贮的发酵特性及饲喂价值,重点阐述了菊芋块茎和茎叶中生物活性物质(主要是菊糖、黄酮类、酚酸类和倍半萜类)对动物生理功能的调控作用,目的是为了详细阐述菊芋资源的开发潜能及其对动物健康水平的改善作用。
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| 关 键 词： | 菊芋 营养成分 饲料添加剂 生物活性物质 作用 |
Nutritional Value and Biological Activity of Jerusalem Artichoke Feed and Its Regulation Effects on Animal Physiological Function |
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| WANG Yue,XUE Fuguang,JIANG Linshu,XIONG Benhai.Nutritional Value and Biological Activity of Jerusalem Artichoke Feed and Its Regulation Effects on Animal Physiological Function[J].Acta Zoonutrimenta Sinica,2020(2):497-507. |
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| Authors: | WANG Yue XUE Fuguang JIANG Linshu XIONG Benhai |
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| Institution: | (Institute of Animal Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Beijing University of Agriculture,Beijing 102206,China) |
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| Abstract: | The Jerusalem artichoke is a perennial herb of the genus Helianthus in the Asteraceae family,origi?nating in North America.The aerial part(stem and leaf)and underground part(tuber)of Jerusalem artichoke can be used as high quality animal feed raw material and feed additive.As a kind of forage grass,the contents of crude protein(CP)and calcium(Ca)in stems and leaves of fresh Jerusalem artichoke at the bud stage(11 to 14 weeks after emergence)are the peak and comparable with alfalfa powder.Moreover,the CP and Ca con?tents of Jerusalem artichoke silage are higher than those in corn silage,similar to oats,barley and legume si?lage,thus can be used as a partial substitute feed.In addition,the nutrient composition and some metabolites of Jerusalem artichoke change through various molecular signal transduction pathways during growth and develop?ment,which have potential important roles in biosynthesis and biodegradation.As a functional oligosaccharide,the inulin in Jerusalem artichoke tubers is not degraded by digestive enzymes in single stomach animals,but is directly delivered to the large intestine.It mainly acts as a probiotic in the gastrointestinal tract,improves the in?testinal environment,and regulates glucose,lipid metabolism and protein metabolism.As bioactive substances,flavonoids,phenolic acids,terpenoids and a small amount of sterols,amino acids,polysaccharides and other compounds in stems,leaves and flowers of Jerusalem artichoke have been proved by a large number of animal clinical trials to have antioxidant,anti?inflammatory and bactericidal effects as well as certain toxic effects on a variety of tumor cells,with high medical value.This paper reviewed the nutritional characteristics of Jerusalem artichoke and dynamic change of metabolites in the process of development,summarized the Jerusalem arti?choke silage fermentation characteristics and feeding value,expounded the regulation function of bioactive sub?stances(mainly inulin,flavonoids,phenolic acids and sesquiterpenoids)in Jerusalem artichoke tuber and stem leaf on animal physiology function,in order to elaborate the development potential of Jerusalem artichoke re?source and its effects on the improvement of the animal health. |
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| Keywords: | Jerusalem artichoke nutrient composition feed additive bioactive substances functions |
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