| 不同粒径生物炭包膜尿素缓释肥性能及缓释效果 |
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| 引用本文： | 沈秀丽,柳思远,沈玉君,孟海波,王芳,李宁,张德俐.不同粒径生物炭包膜尿素缓释肥性能及缓释效果[J].农业工程学报,2020,36(15):159-166. |
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| 作者姓名： | 沈秀丽 柳思远 沈玉君 孟海波 王芳 李宁 张德俐 |
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| 作者单位： | 农业农村部规划设计研究院,农业农村部资源循环利用技术与模式重点实验室,北京 100125;山东理工大学农业工程与食品科学学院,淄博 255000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金（51706127）；农业部重点实验室开放课题（KLERUAR2017-02） |
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| 摘 要： | 为探究生物炭粉包膜处理对尿素缓释效果的影响,该研究以不同粒径稻壳生物炭粉为包膜材料,对尿素颗粒进行不同层数包膜处理,分别制备了3种生物炭包膜尿素缓释肥C_1(0.15 mm生物炭粉包膜)、C_2(内层0.15 mm,外层0.25 mm生物炭粉包膜)和C_3(内层0.15 mm,中层0.25 mm,外层0.425 mm生物炭粉包膜),并对生物炭包膜尿素缓释肥性能及缓释效果进行了分析研究。研究结果表明3种生物炭包膜缓释肥粒径主要分布在2.90～4.80 mm,随着包膜层数的增加,包膜缓释肥粒径随之增大,C_2和C_3粒径显著高于C_1(P0.05)。C_1、C_2和C_3的抗压强度为20.40～48.00 N,满足工业生产需求。与C_1和C_2相比,C_3颗粒表面较光滑,切面具有致密且孔隙结构丰富的层状结构,吸水倍率最小(1.69),耐水性也显著优于C_1与C_2(P0.05),氮元素缓释效果优于C_1与C_2。综上可以看出,3层包膜尿素缓释肥膜壳强度高于单层和双层包膜尿素缓释肥,通过控制不同膜层生物炭的孔隙结构和孔径,减缓水分的渗入及养分的流出过程,缓释效果突出,为生物炭包膜缓释肥的开发应用提供一个新技术路径。
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| 关 键 词： | 生物炭 粒径 肥料 包膜 尿素 缓释 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/4/12 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/5/29 0:00:00 |
Property and slow-release effect of coated urea with different particle-size biochar |
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| Shen Xiuli,Liu Siyuan,Shen Yujun,Meng Haibo,Wang Fang,Li Ning,Zhang Deli.Property and slow-release effect of coated urea with different particle-size biochar[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2020,36(15):159-166. |
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| Authors: | Shen Xiuli Liu Siyuan Shen Yujun Meng Haibo Wang Fang Li Ning Zhang Deli |
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| Institution: | 1. Academy of Agricultural Planning and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agricultural Residues, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125 China;;2. School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China; |
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| Abstract: | Coated urea fertilizer is widely used to provide nutrient nitrogen for growing plants in agriculture industry. This type of slow-release fertilizer can effectively improve nitrogen utilization, particularly due to a large amount of dissolved nitrogen in conventional fertilizer lost along with surface runoff and leached water, thereby to cause severely environmental and ecological problems, such as water eutrophication. Biochar, a fine-grained porous material rich in carbon, shows excellent coating properties. Compared with organic-solvent-dissolvable polymers, biochar was cheap, renewable, and environmentally friendly non-toxic during production. Moreover, the presence of highly-porous structure and various functional groups can be expected to store more carbon, and thereby to reduce soil emission of greenhouse gases. Therefore, biochar coating can decrease nutrient leaching, further to improve soil quality and crop yield, via reduced irrigation and fertilizer requirements. At present, most previous studies focused on the combined use of biochar with other envelopment materials, or the extruded granulation with inorganic fertilizers. The slow-release behaviors of biochar coated fertilizer still remain unknown. In this study, a novel slow-release nitrogen fertilizer was developed by coating urea granules with different biochar powder, in order to explore the effect of biochar particle size in various coating layers on the slow-release behavior. Before coating, urea granules were sieved to obtain fertilizer particles with a diameter of 2.00~2.50 mm. Taking biochar powder as the coating materials, the coated urea fertilizers were prepared in a sugar-coating machine under the revolving speed of 40 rpm/min. Three slow-release fertilizers were produced: C1 (single coating layer, 100-mesh biochar powder coated in the single layer), C2 (two coating layers, 100-mesh in inner layer and 60-80-mesh in outer layer), and C3 (three coating layers, 100-mesh in inner layer, 60-80-mesh in middle layer and 40-60-mesh in outer layer). The obtained coated urea fertilizers were then characterized, including the distribution of particle size, microstructure, compressive strength, wearability, and water absorbency with different particle-size biochar powder. A leaching test of soil column was used to evaluate the nutrient release behaviors in soil. The results demonstrated that the particle size of three slow-release fertilizers distributed in 2.90~4.80 mm, increasing with the number of layers, indicating that the particle sizes of C2 and C3 were significantly higher than that of C1. The compressive strength of three slow-release fertilizers was in the range of 20.40~48.00 N, which meeting the demand of industrial production. Compared with C1 and C2, C3 showed the least water absorption ratio (1.69) in much smoother surface of particles, indicating that the dense layered microstructure with abundant pores was observed in the cross section of the C3 particles. The nitrogen concentration of C3 in leaching solution increased as the leaching time increased, while the urea concentrations of C1 and C2 were contrary to that of C3. In the treatment of C3, the water resistance and slow release effect of nitrogen were significantly better than those of C1 and C2. Therefore, it infers that controlling the particle-size of coating materials (biochar) and coating layers can significantly reduce the water infiltration and nutrients outflow, further to improve the slow-release behavior of fertilizer. The finding can provide a new technical path for the potential development and application of biochar coated slow-release fertilizer. |
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| Keywords: | biochar particle-size fertilizers urea coat slow release |
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