| PBAT生物降解膜覆盖对绿洲滴灌棉花土壤水热及产量的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 邬强,王振华,郑旭荣,张金珠,李文昊.PBAT生物降解膜覆盖对绿洲滴灌棉花土壤水热及产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(16):135-143. |
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| 作者姓名： | 邬强 王振华 郑旭荣 张金珠 李文昊 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,石河子,832000;2. 石河子大学现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,石河子,832000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技支撑计划项目（2015BAD20B03）；兵团中青年科技创新领军人才计划（2015BC001）；兵团灌溉试验项目（兵水发[2016] 293） |
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| 摘 要： | 为应对农田残膜污染,探明基于聚己二酸丁二醇酯-对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBAT)材料的完全生物降解地膜代替普通塑料地膜与滴灌结合在棉花滴灌上应用效果,于2015-2016年在新疆石河子大学节水灌溉试验站,分别设置4种不同厚度和降解诱导期生物降解地膜和普通塑料地膜共5种不同处理,研究不同覆盖对滴灌棉花土壤温度、水分及产量的影响,并对可降解膜降解性能和经济效益对比分析.2a试验结果表明,覆膜60～80 d开始出现降解,至覆盖180 d后出现均匀细纹并未完全降解,0.012mm可降解地膜覆膜180 d仅仅出现裂纹,降解速度较慢.0.010mm和0.012mm厚完全生物可降解地膜处理棉花苗期土壤0～25 cm平均温度较对照分别低0.94℃和1.34℃(P＜0.05),但随着作物生长两者差异逐渐减小.4种类型可降解膜覆盖在棉花生长前期均能提高土壤土壤水分,但随地膜降解和棉花生长后期则显著降低,与普通塑料地膜相比土壤水分显著降低1％～3％.总体而言,覆盖完全生物可降解地膜处理2a平均产量较CK减少2％～3％,水分利用效率减少4％左右(P＜0.05),净收入少1 858.5元/hm2 (10.2％),4种类型可降解地膜产投比相比,厚度较薄0.010mm处理应用经济效果较好.可见,目前全生物降解地膜若要代替普通地膜,解决残膜污染,仍需进行较大的改善.
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| 关 键 词： | 土壤水分 温度 棉花 产量 水分利用效率 完全生物降解地膜 膜下滴灌 绿洲灌区 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/12/21 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2017/6/10 0:00:00 |
Effects of biodegradation film mulching on soil temperature, moisture and yield of cotton under drip irrigation in typical oasis area |
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| Wu Qiang,Wang Zhenhu,Zheng Xurong,Zhang Jinzhu and Li Wenhao.Effects of biodegradation film mulching on soil temperature, moisture and yield of cotton under drip irrigation in typical oasis area[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(16):135-143. |
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| Authors: | Wu Qiang Wang Zhenhu Zheng Xurong Zhang Jinzhu and Li Wenhao |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Modern Water- Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Shihezi 832000, China,1. College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Modern Water- Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Shihezi 832000, China,1. College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Modern Water- Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Shihezi 832000, China,1. College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Modern Water- Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Shihezi 832000, China and 1. College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Modern Water- Saving Irrigation of Xinjiang Production & Construction Group, Shihezi 832000, China |
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| Abstract: | Plastic film mulching is an efficient way to improve soil water efficiency and heat effects,control salt and grass,and increase economic benefits in arid and semi-arid regions.However,with the overuse of traditional refractory plastic film,the residual plastic film is constantly increasing in the field,which has led to some negative impacts such as environmental pollution and land degradation.A kind of PBAT-based biodegradable film was introduced in this study and its effect on soil moisture,temperature and cotton yield was investigated.Field experiments under mulched drip irrigation were carried out from 2015 to 2016 in Xinjiang province,a typical arid region of China.A total of 5 mulching treatments was included:1) ordinary PE plastic film (CK),0.010 mm PBAT-based biodegradable film with designed induction period of 45 d (BD1),0.010 mm PBAT-based biodegradable film with designed induction period of 60 d (BD2),0.012 mm PBAT-based biodegradable film with designed induction period of 60 d (BD3) and 0.010 mm PBAT-based biodegradable film with designed induction period of 45 d (BD4).The soil temperature at 0-25 cm was measured and soil water storage at 0-100 mm was determined.The results showed that the biodegradable films began to degrade at 60-80 d after sowing and had net-like uniform crackers or 2-2.5 cm pieces at the harvest but was not degraded totally.Overall,all the biodegradable film started degrade after the designed induction period.Soil temperature at 0-25 cm was significantly lower by 0.94 and 1.34 ℃ (P＜0.05) covering with 0.010 and 0.012 mm biodegradable films than the CK in the seedling stage of cotton,respectively.The difference of the temperature gradually reduced with the growing of cotton.All the mulching treatments could improve the soil water storage at the depth of 0-40 cm,but the water storage in the CK were higher than biodegradable film mulching in the late cotton growth stage because of degradation in biodegradable films (P＜0.05).The 0.010 mm thickness biodegradable films (BD1,BD2 and BD4) were better than 0.012 mm biodegradable film (BD3) for the cotton yield.Compared with CK,the biodegradable film decreased the cotton yield of the 2 years by 2.89％ on average (P＜0.05) and reduced the water use efficiency by about 4％.For the economic benefit analysis,the cost of biodegradable film was higher and the net income of biodegradable film was 10.2％ less than the CK.In sum,the biodegradable film still has big chance to improve its effect on yield and performance of improving soil temperature and moisture before it will be used to replace ordinary PE plastic film. |
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| Keywords: | soil moisture temperature cotton yield water use efficiency biodegradable film mulched drip irrigation oasis area |
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