| 基于土壤入渗变异性的畦灌单宽流量优化 |
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| 引用本文： | 聂卫波,张凡,马孝义,黄恒.基于土壤入渗变异性的畦灌单宽流量优化[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(16):119-126. |
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| 作者姓名： | 聂卫波 张凡 马孝义 黄恒 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 西安理工大学水资源研究所,西安,710048;2. 西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,杨凌,712100 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（51579205、51209171）；国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0400203）；陕西省自然科学基金项目（2016JM5053）；陕西省教育厅重点实验室基金（15JS064） |
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| 摘 要： | 农田土壤入渗变异性给畦灌系统的设计和管理带来了困难.为进一步提高畦灌灌水质量,该研究利用已有考虑土壤变异条件下的畦灌灌水质量计算模型,采用数值模拟与理论分析相结合的方法,扩展了模型的使用范围,并结合畦灌试验资料对其进行了验证;在此基础上分析了土壤入渗变异性对畦灌灌水质量的影响,提出了考虑农田土壤入渗变异条件下入畦单宽流量的确定方法.结果表明,文中扩展后的模型可用于计算异质土壤和均质土壤情景模式下的畦灌灌水质量指标,其计算值与田间实测值和WinSRFR软件模拟值一致性较好,相对误差均值分别为10％;土壤入渗变异对畦灌灌水质量的影响显著,贡献度高达56.71％～95.68％,其对灌水均匀度的影响最为敏感,其次为灌水效率和储水效率;基于均质土壤入渗条件下优化的入畦单宽流量,可用于异质土壤畦灌灌水流量设计,两者符合1∶1的线性关系.研究结果可为考虑农田土壤变异性的畦灌系统设计和管理提供理论依据和技术支撑.
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| 关 键 词： | 土壤 入渗 模型 畦灌 变异性 数值模拟 灌水质量 入畦单宽流量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017/2/6 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2017/7/10 0:00:00 |
Optimization of discharge per unit width of border irrigation based on soil infiltration variability |
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| Nie Weibo,Zhang Fan,Ma Xiaoyi and Huang Heng.Optimization of discharge per unit width of border irrigation based on soil infiltration variability[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(16):119-126. |
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| Authors: | Nie Weibo Zhang Fan Ma Xiaoyi and Huang Heng |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Water Resources, Xi''an University of Technology, Xi''an 710048, China,1. Institute of Water Resources, Xi''an University of Technology, Xi''an 710048, China,2. Key Laboratory for Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid Area of Ministry of Education, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling, 712100, China and 1. Institute of Water Resources, Xi''an University of Technology, Xi''an 710048, China |
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| Abstract: | Field soil infiltration variability has brought difficulties to the design and management of border irrigation system.In the previous researches,the effect of spatial variability of soil infiltration on water movement process and irrigation performance was not taken into consideration,which cannot reflect the actual situation in the field,resulting in the limitation of the improvement of border irrigation performance.In order to solve the above problems,based on the available calculation model of irrigation performance indicators of border irrigation under heterogeneity soil conditions,this study extended the range of the model application,and numerical simulation of border irrigation process were conducted by the WinSRFR software.Additionally,the calculation model was verified combined with the experimental data of border irrigation in Wugong county (108°03′06″E,34°21′32″N) of Shaanxi Province and Pengzhuang village (116°22′02″E,37°39′N) in Wuqiao county,Hebei Province.Based on the above researches,the calculation model of this study and theoretical analysis were adopted to analyze the influence of heterogeneity soil on the performance of border irrigation.Moreover,taking the maximum geometric average value of the distribution uniformity,application efficiency and storage efficiency as the optimization function,a method to determine the discharge per unit width under the consideration of soil infiltration variability was proposed.The results showed that through the expanded calculation model of border irrigation performance indicators under soil infiltration variation conditions,the proposed model was suitable not only for calculation the performance of border irrigation under the conditions of soil heterogeneity,but also for the calculation under the condition of homogeneous soil.Under the condition of soil heterogeneity,the calculated values of distribution uniformity,application efficiency and storage efficiency were in good agreement with the measured and simulation values by WinSRFR software,and the relative error was less than 8％.However,under the homogeneity soil condition,the error was relative large between the calculated and the measured values of irrigation performance indicators,of which the relative error of distribution uniformity had the largest value of 15.42％.The results indicated that the influence of soil infiltration variability should be taken into account in the process of irrigation performance evaluation.Otherwise,the results would be deviated from the actual situation in the field.While under the condition of homogeneous soil,the calculated values of irrigation performance and WinSRFR software had high consistency,and the relative error was less than 10％.Soil infiltration variation had a great influence on the performance of border irrigation,accounting for 56.71％-95.68％,and the influence should be taken into account in the process of irrigation performance evaluation.By selecting the discharge per unit width as an optimization variable,the effect of infiltration spatial variation on the performance of border irrigation could be reduced,which contributed to improvement of the border irrigation performance.The optimized discharge per unit width of the heterogeneity soil and homogeneity soil meets the 1∶1 liner relationship,that is,the optimal discharge per unit width of the homogeneous soil could be used to the design of the discharge water of border irrigation under heterogeneity soil conditions,which guaranteed a high irrigation performance.The method proposed in this study can better reflect the actual performance of border irrigation,and provide theoretical and technical support for the design and management of border irrigation system. |
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| Keywords: | soils infiltration models border irrigation variability numerical simulation irrigation performance discharge per unit width |
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