| 三峡库区坡耕地埂坎类型、结构与利用状况 |
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| 引用本文： | 李进林,韦杰.三峡库区坡耕地埂坎类型、结构与利用状况[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(1):229-233,240. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李进林 韦杰 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 重庆师范大学 地理与旅游学院,重庆,401331;2. 重庆师范大学 地理与旅游学院,重庆 401331;三峡库区地表过程与环境遥感重庆市重点实验室,重庆 401331 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目“紫色土坡耕地土石复合坎结构与水土保持效应研究”（41471234）；重庆市基础与前沿研究计划项目（cstc2015jcyjBX0141）；重庆市教委科技项目（KJ1500315） |
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| 摘 要： | 目的]分析三峡库区埂坎的类型、结构及其功能和利用状况,为坡耕地整治、高标准基本农田建设规划设计提供依据。方法]应用野外实地调查资料,结合文献总结。结果](1)三峡库区坡耕地现有埂坎按筑坎材料可以分为土坎、石坎、土石复合坎和水泥砖坎4种基本类型;按埂坎型式可分为坎沟一体化、有坎有埂、有坎无埂和不规范埂坎4种类型;按功能定位可分为田间便道坎、土地权属分界坎和水土保持坎3种类型。(2)三峡库区坡耕地现有埂坎结构多样,不同结构埂坎的功能有所差异,其中,利用上土下石复合坎构建植物篱在耕地资源紧张的地方比较常见。下土上石复合坎主要用作田间便道。(3)三峡库区坡耕地现有埂坎中土坎比例较高,约占65%,其次是石坎,约占15%,土石复合坎和水泥砖坎共8%左右。另外,近10%的坡耕地没有埂坎。结论]三峡库区特殊的地形地貌和复杂的人地关系背景下形成了多样的埂坎类型和结构,又决定了埂坎的功能多样性。目前,土坎的比例和利用率均较高。土石复合坎是三峡库区新的埂坎类型,兼顾土坎和石坎的优点,今后应加强结构优化研究,并在坡耕地整治、高标准基本农田建设中推广。
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| 关 键 词： | 坡耕地埂坎 水土保持措施 埂坎结构 三峡库区 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/6/14 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016/7/14 0:00:00 |
Types, Structure and Utilization of Fieldridges on Sloping Farmland in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China |
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| LI Jinlin and WEI Jie.Types, Structure and Utilization of Fieldridges on Sloping Farmland in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,37(1):229-233,240. |
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| Authors: | LI Jinlin and WEI Jie |
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| Institution: | College of Geography and Tourism Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China and College of Geography and Tourism Science, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China;Chongqing Key Laboratory of Surface Process and Environment Remote Sensing in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Chongqing 401331, China |
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| Abstract: | Objective] The objective of the study is to analyze the types, structure and functions of various extant fieldridges on farmlands and their application in practice, in order to provide support for planning and designing high standard basic farmlands in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Methods] The analysis was done through field investigation and literature reviews. Results] (1) According to used materials, fieldridges could be classifyied into four types including stone fieldridge, soil fieldridge, soil-stone fieldridge and cement brick fieldridge. The fieldridge pattern could also be categorized into four types including combination of fieldridge and ditches, fieldridge with lynchet, fieldridge without lynchet and irregular fieldridge. In terms of functions, fieldridges include the fieldridge for walking, the fieldridge as a boundary of land ownership, and for the soil conservation. (2) The structure of extant fieldridges varies on sloping farmlands in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Usually, the main functions and purposes of the fieldridges depend on their structures. For example, the upper-soil-bottom-stone fieldridges were used to establish hedgerow in most places where the high quality cultivated land was deficient, and the bottom soil-upper stone fieldridges were mainly used as a path for farming. (3) The proportion of soil fieldridges and stone fieldridges was about 65% and 15%, while the total of soil-stone fieldridges and cement brick fieldridges was about 8%. In addition, about 10% of sloping farmlands has no fieldridges in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. Conclusion] The fieldridges with various types and structures are formed on sloping farmlands in the Three Gorges Reservoir area in the context of the specific geomorphologic features and complicated human-land relation, and different structures result in functional diversity of fieldridges. Currently, soil fieldridge has higher ratio and usage in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. The soil-stone fieldridge with merits of both soil bund and stone fieldridge, is a new widely used fieldridge in the Three Gorges Reservoir area. In the future, more focus should be put on the structure optimization, and popularizing this new fieldridge in sloping farmland consolidation and high standards basic farmland construction. |
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| Keywords: | fieldridges on sloping farmlands soil conservation practice fieldridge structure the Three Gorges Reservoir area |
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