| 利用功能标记揭示新疆小麦改良品种与地方品种的遗传变异 |
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| 引用本文： | 简大为,周阳,刘宏伟,杨丽,买春艳,于立强,韩新年,张宏军,李洪杰.利用功能标记揭示新疆小麦改良品种与地方品种的遗传变异[J].作物学报,2018,44(5):657-671. |
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| 作者姓名： | 简大为 周阳 刘宏伟 杨丽 买春艳 于立强 韩新年 张宏军 李洪杰 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.新疆生产建设兵团第四师农业科学研究所, 新疆伊宁835000;2.中国农业科学院作物科学研究所 / 农作物基因资源与基因改良国家重大科学工程, 北京100081;3.新乡矮败小麦育种技术创新中心, 河南新乡453731;4.石家庄市农林科学研究院赵县试验基地, 河北赵县051530;5.谷物品质与遗传改良兵团重点实验室, 新疆石河子832000 |
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| 基金项目： | This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771881, 31401468) and the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0101000, 2016YFD0101600, 2016YFD0101004, 2016YFD0100102). |
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| 摘 要： | 揭示新疆小麦改良品种与地方品种在主要农艺性状相关基因上的遗传变异对进一步改良和利用新疆育成品种具有重要意义。本研究利用52个功能标记对136份新疆小麦改良品种和地方品种分析发现, 与适应性相关的矮秆等位变异Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b、半冬性生长习性相关等位变异Vrn-D1b、T1BL·1RS易位系, 与品质相关的高脂肪氧化酶活性等位变异TaLox-B1a、低多酚氧化酶活性等位变异Ppo-D1a、低黄色素含量等位变异Psy-A1b以及与高粒重等位变异Hap-H (TaSus-2B)仅分布在改良品种中, 而且光周期不敏感等位变异Ppd-D1a (77.6%)、优质麦谷蛋白亚基Dx5+Dy10 (35.4%)和硬质等位变异Pin-D1b (25.0%), 以及高千粒重等位变异TaCwi-A1a (63.3%)、Hap-4A-T (Tacwi-4A) (33.8%)、Hap-5D-C (TaCWI-5D) (93.7%)、Hap-2 (TaGS1a) (77.9%)、TaGS-D1a (78.5%)、TaGS5-A1b (50.0%)和TaTGW6-A1a (92.1%)在改良品种中分布频率明显高于地方品种。大部分优异等位变异分布频率随着育种时期的推进呈现不连续性上升趋势。在适应性与品质相关基因方面, 春性改良品种的优异等位变异频率高于冬性改良品种。功能标记分析显示改良品种的遗传多样性高于地方品种。136份新疆小麦资源被聚为改良品种和地方品种两类, 改良品种被进一步聚为冬性和春性两类, 说明新疆改良品种与地方品种间存在明显的遗传差异。本研究鉴定的优异等位基因和等位基因组合为进一步改良新疆小麦品种提供了重要信息。
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| 关 键 词： | 小麦 新疆 功能标记 农艺性状 遗传变异 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017-08-03 |
Functional Markers Reveal Genetic Variations in Wheat Improved Cultivars and Landraces from Xinjiang |
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| Da-Wei JIAN,Yang ZHOU,Hong-Wei LIU,Li YANG,Chun-Yan MAI,Li-Qiang YU,Xin-Nian HAN,Hong-Jun ZHANG,Hong-Jie LI.Functional Markers Reveal Genetic Variations in Wheat Improved Cultivars and Landraces from Xinjiang[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2018,44(5):657-671. |
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| Authors: | Da-Wei JIAN Yang ZHOU Hong-Wei LIU Li YANG Chun-Yan MAI Li-Qiang YU Xin-Nian HAN Hong-Jun ZHANG Hong-Jie LI |
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| Abstract: | Illuminating genetic variations in the improved cultivars and landraces of wheat from Xinjiang is important for further improvement of wheat in this region. In this study, 52 functional markers were used to examine 136 Xinjiang wheat accessions. Compared with the improved cultivars, the semi-dwarfing alleles Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b, facultative allele Vrn-D1b, T1BL·1RS translocation, TaLox-B1a allele for high lipoxynase activity, Ppo-D1a allele for lower polyphenol oxidase activity, Psy-A1b allele for low yellow pigment content and Hap-H (TaSus-2B) allele for high kernel weight were absent in the landraces. Furthermore, the frequencies of photoperiod insensitivity allele Ppd-D1a (77.6%), strong gluten subunits Dx5+Dy10 (35.4%), Pin-D1ballele (25.0%) for hard grain texture, and TaCwi-A1a (63.3%), Hap-4A-T (Tacwi-4A) (33.8%), Hap-5D-C (TaCWI-5D) (93.7%), Hap-2 (TaGS1a) (77.9%), TaGS-D1a (78.5%), TaGS5-A1b (50.0%), and TaTGW6-A1a (92.1%) alleles associated with high kernel weight were higher in the improved cultivars than in the landraces. The frequencies of most favorable alleles displayed a discontinuously increasing trend over breeding periods. As for the favorable alleles associated with adaptation and quality, the spring cultivars had higher frequencies than the winter cultivars. Analysis of the functional markers showed that the improved cultivars had higher genetic diversity than the landraces. Based on the principle component analysis, the wheat accessions were clustered into two groups: improved cultivars and landraces, and the improved cultivars were further divided into two groups of winter and spring cultivars. There were significant genetic differences between the improved cultivars and the landraces. The favorable alleles and allele combinations identified in this study provide important information for further improvement of wheat cultivars in Xinjiang. |
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| Keywords: | Triticum aestivum Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region functional marker agronomic traits genetic variation |
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