| 不同氮效率玉米品种对土壤硝态氮时空分布及农田氮素平衡的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 屈佳伟,高聚林,于晓芳,王志刚,胡树平,孙继颖,苏治军,谢岷,青格尔.不同氮效率玉米品种对土壤硝态氮时空分布及农田氮素平衡的影响[J].作物学报,2018,44(5):737-749. |
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| 作者姓名： | 屈佳伟 高聚林 于晓芳 王志刚 胡树平 孙继颖 苏治军 谢岷 青格尔 |
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| 作者单位： | 内蒙古农业大学, 内蒙古呼和浩特 010019 |
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| 基金项目： | This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (31260300), the National Science and Technology Project of Food Production of China (2013BAD07B04), the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-02-63), the Experimental Station of Crop Cultivation Scientific Observation in North China Loess Plateau (25204120), and the National Key Research and Development Project (2017YFD0300800). |
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| 摘 要： | 阐明不同氮效率玉米品种对土壤硝态氮时空分布及农田氮素平衡的影响, 是挖掘品种氮素高效利用的生物学潜力, 提高氮素供应与作物需求的匹配度, 进而提高氮肥利用效率的重要途径。本研究以氮高效玉米品种郑单958、金山27和氮低效玉米品种蒙农2133、内单314、四单19为材料, 在不同施氮量下(0、300和450 kg hm-2), 系统研究了不同氮效率玉米品种对土壤硝态氮时空分布、农田氮素平衡的影响, 并分析了植株氮积累量与土壤硝态氮累积量的关系。结果表明, 不同施氮水平下, 氮高效品种的产量、氮素吸收效率、氮肥利用率都显著高于氮低效品种; 相关分析表明植株氮素积累量与土壤硝态氮累积量呈显著负相关。从土壤硝态氮时空分布来看, 随生育进程, 土壤硝态氮含量最大土层逐渐下移, 下移速率不受品种氮效率影响, 其年际间差异与降雨量差异显著相关; 但吐丝后氮高效品种的60~100 cm土壤剖面内硝态氮含量显著低于氮低效品种, 差异达显著水平; 收获后土壤硝态氮残留量则表现为氮低效品种显著高于氮高效品种, 且随施氮量的增加显著增加。从农田氮素平衡来看, 品种的氮效率显著影响农田土壤氮素残留及表观损失, 氮低效品种的农田氮素表观损失是氮高效品种的2.2倍(300 kg hm-2)和1.5倍(450 kg hm-2), 且年际间差异较大。因此, 不同氮效率品种通过对氮素的差异性吸收显著影响农田氮素平衡。选用氮高效品种可显著降低土壤中硝态氮残留和表观损失, 降低氮素淋溶风险, 是提高氮肥利用率的有效途径。
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| 关 键 词： | 玉米 品种 氮效率 土壤硝态氮 农田氮素表观平衡 |
| 收稿时间： | 2017-05-03 |
Effects of Maize Varieties with Different Nitrogen Efficiencies on Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Soil Nitrate and Field Nitrogen Balance |
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| Jia-Wei QU,Ju-Lin GAO,Xiao-Fang YU,Zhi-Gang WANG,Shu-Ping HU,Ji-Ying SUN,Zhi-Jun SU,Min XIE,Ge-Er QING.Effects of Maize Varieties with Different Nitrogen Efficiencies on Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Soil Nitrate and Field Nitrogen Balance[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2018,44(5):737-749. |
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| Authors: | Jia-Wei QU Ju-Lin GAO Xiao-Fang YU Zhi-Gang WANG Shu-Ping HU Ji-Ying SUN Zhi-Jun SU Min XIE Ge-Er QING |
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| Institution: | Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, Inner Mongolia, China |
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| Abstract: | Studying effects caused by maize varieties with different nitrogen efficiencies on nitrate content in soil and nitrogen balance in filed is quite important for excavating high nitrogen efficiency biological potential of maize varieties, coordinating nitrate supply with plant requirement, and improving the nitrogen utilization efficiency. In this study, high nitrogen efficiency maize varieties ZD958, JS27 and low nitrogen efficiency maize varieties MN2133, ND314, and SD19 were separately used to systematically study the effects on nitrate spatial and temporal distribution in soil and nitrogen balance, as well as relationship between plant nitrogen uptake and soil nitrate accumulation. Compared with low nitrogen efficiency maize varieties, the high nitrogen efficiency varieties had higher yield, higher nitrogen absorption and use efficiency in all the nitrogen treatments (0, 300, and 450 kg ha-1). According to the correlation analysis, significant negative correlation was shown between the plant nitrogen accumulation and nitrate accumulation in soil. The temporal and the spatial distribution of nitrate in soil were also analyzed, showing that the soil layer with maximum nitrate content moved toward lower gradually in the process of maize growth. The move rate of the soil layer was independent of maize varieties, but largely correlated with the precipitation. However, after silking stage the nitrate content in 60-100 centimeter layer of soil was significantly lower in high nitrogen efficiency varieties than in low nitrogen efficiency varieties. After harvest, the nitrate residual in soil was significantly higher in low nitrogen efficiency varieties compared with high nitrogen efficiency varieties. Moreover, the nitrate residual amount was largely increased with increasing nitrate application. In the aspect of nitrate balance, the nitrogen efficiency of maize significantly affected filed nitrate residue and apparent lost. The apparent nitrate lost in field in low nitrogen efficiency varieties was 2.2 (300 kg ha-1) and 1.5 times (450 kg ha-1) as high as that in high nitrogen efficiency varieties, and had much more difference among different years. Therefore, different nitrogen efficiency varieties affected N-balance in filed via nitrate absorption. Choosing high nitrogen efficiency varieties can decrease nitrate content in soil, apparent lost in field, and nitrogen leaching risk, which is an effective way to improve nitrogen utilization efficiency. |
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| Keywords: | maize variety nitrogen efficiency soil nitrate field nitrogen apparent balance |
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