| 微喷补灌水肥一体化下水氮管理对夏玉米茎秆抗倒伏研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘仲秋,吴浩,朱文帅,张俊鹏,李全起,杨今胜.微喷补灌水肥一体化下水氮管理对夏玉米茎秆抗倒伏研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2022,41(2):52-58. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘仲秋 吴浩 朱文帅 张俊鹏 李全起 杨今胜 |
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| 作者单位： | 山东农业大学水利土木工程学院,山东泰安271018,吉林农业大学农学院,长春130033 |
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| 基金项目： | 山东省重点研发计划项目;国家自然科学基金 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】建立黄淮海平原水肥一体化条件下适宜夏玉米高产高抗倒伏的水氮管理模式。【方法】设置微喷补灌水平(W)和施氮量(N)2个因素,即播种时、拔节期、大喇叭口期和抽雄吐丝期补灌4次(W1),播种时和大喇叭口期补灌2次(W2),施氮量210 kg/hm2(N1)和150 kg/hm2(N2),研究了夏玉米不同生育期植株性状参数、茎秆倒数第3节间力学指标和抗倒伏指数、夏玉米原位抗倒伏力与倾斜角度、产量等指标,探究夏玉米抗倒伏能力与产量综合调优的水氮管理模式。【结果】N1处理显著降低了夏玉米抽雄期和成熟期的株高,以及抽雄期和灌浆期的重心高度;显著提高了成熟期的抗折力,灌浆期的穿刺强度和径向抗压强度,以及灌浆期和成熟期的抗倒伏指数,其中抽雄期、灌浆期和成熟期W1N1处理的抗倒伏指数较W2N2处理分别增加68.56%、15.01%、28.23%;N1处理显著提高了夏玉米抽穗期和成熟期不同倒伏角度下的抗倒伏力,以及不同生育期的临界抗倒伏力,其中抽雄期、灌浆期和成熟期W1N1处理较W2N2处理的临界抗倒伏力分别增加44.03%、48.40%、30.49%;采用抗倒伏指数和临界抗倒伏力的综合评价表明,不同生育期W1N1处理综合抗倒伏能力最高,W2N2处理最低;采用抗倒伏指数、临界抗倒伏力以及产量的综合评价表明,成熟期W1N1处理和W2N1处理综合抗倒伏能力明显高于W1N2处理和W2N2处理。【结论】综合抗倒伏能力、作物需水及水肥一体化等因素,W1N1处理是实现抗倒伏和籽粒高产最优组合方案。
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| 关 键 词： | 夏玉米 微喷补灌 水氮管理 茎秆抗倒伏 |
Improving Integration of Micro-spraying Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization to Increase the Lodging Resistance of Summer Maize |
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| LIU Zhongqiu,WU Hao,ZHU Wenshuai,ZHANG Junpeng,LI Quanqi,YANG Jinsheng.Improving Integration of Micro-spraying Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertilization to Increase the Lodging Resistance of Summer Maize[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2022,41(2):52-58. |
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| Authors: | LIU Zhongqiu WU Hao ZHU Wenshuai ZHANG Junpeng LI Quanqi YANG Jinsheng |
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| Institution: | (College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,China;College of Agriculture,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130033,China) |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】Micro-spraying hose irrigation is easy to manage and has been increasingly used in arable crops.The purpose of this paper is to study experimentally the impact of its integration with nitrogen fertilization on lodging resistance of summer maize in Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,China.【Method】The experiment was conducted in a field and compared two irrigation schedules:irrigating at the beginning of sowing,jointing,beg bell and heading stage,respectively(W1);and irrigating at sowing and big bell stage only(W2).Associated with each irrigation were two nitrogen applications:210 kg/hm2(N1) and 150 kg/hm2(N2).For each treatment,we measured the crop traits,mechanical and lodging resistance index of the third internode,in-situ lodging resistance,inclination angle at different growth stages,as well as the grain yield.【Result】N1 was optimal in reducing plant height at heading and dough stage,as well as the center of the gravity height at heading and filling stage;it also improved the bending strength,puncture strength and radial compressive strength at the filling stage,as well as the lodging resistance index and critical loading resistance at the filling and dough stages,all at significant level.Compared to W2+N2,W1+N1 increased the lodging resistance at heading,filling and dough stage by 68.56%,15.01% and 28.23%,respectively,and the associated critical loading resistance by 44.03%,48.40% and 30.49%,respectively.Overall,W1+N1 was most effective to improve lodging resistance,including lodging resistance index and critical lodging resistance,as well as the grain yield.W2+N2 was the worst.In terms of loading resistance index,critical loading resistance and grain yield,W1+N1 and W2+N1 were more effective than W1+N2 and W2+N2.【Conclusion】 Optimal scheduling irrigation and nitrogen fertilization in the micro-spray irrigation system can improve the lodging resistance and grain yield of summer maize in northern China.Our experimental results showed that increasing irrigation frequency and N fertilizer application can achieve this goal. |
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| Keywords: | summer maize micro-spraying irrigation water and nitrogen management stem lodging resistance |
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