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| 集水灌溉和施肥对半干旱区春小麦生态位适宜度和产量的影响 | |
| 引用本文： | 李文龙,苏 敏,李自珍.集水灌溉和施肥对半干旱区春小麦生态位适宜度和产量的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(4):42-48. |
| 作者姓名： | 李文龙 苏 敏 李自珍 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 兰州大学草地农业科技学院,农业部草地农业生态系统学重点实验室,兰州,730000 2. 合肥工业大学数学学院,合肥,230009;兰州大学数学与统计学院,兰州,730000 3. 兰州大学数学与统计学院,兰州,730000;兰州大学干旱与草地生态教育部重点实验室,兰州,730000 |
| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（30970478，30970491）；教育部人文社会科学研究青年项目（06JC790020）；甘肃省“十一·五”科技支撑重点项目 |
| 摘 要： | 为了探讨利用农业集水进行的控制灌溉和施肥对提高春小麦生态位适宜度和增加产量的重要作用，该文采用田间小区试验和建模分析方法，研究了不同供水和不同施肥对春小麦叶面积指数（LAI）、根生物量、生态位适宜度与产量的影响。结果表明：不同灌溉供水量与不同施肥量对春小麦LAI和根生物量都呈现出显著的影响，其中丰水、平水和自然降水比低水处理的LAI最大值（开花期）分别增加56.9%、30.9%和19.1%；根生物量平均值分别增加84.2%、50.4%和26.6%；同时施肥与相应不施肥相比亦有显著增加。春小麦生态位适宜度与产量的结果显示：在丰水、平水、自然降水和低水处理下的适宜度（F(t)）平均值分别为0.6631、0.5670、0.5174和0.4763，籽粒产量平均值分别为3 159.2、2 345.2、1 735.7和1 380.6 kg/hm2；其中丰水、平水和自然降水比低水处理的适宜度值分别提高了39.2%、19.0%和8.6%；平均籽粒产量分别提高了128.8%、69.9%和25.7%，这表明增加供水量具有提高适宜度和增产的显著正面影响。同时，施肥比相应不施肥也有提高适宜度和增产的积极作用。统计分析表明：适宜度与籽粒产量之间呈正线性相关关系。对试验中16种不同水肥组合处理的评价结论为：丰水下施低、中、高肥，平水高肥和自然降水高肥等5种处理下属适宜；其余11种处理下属中等或不适宜。各处理下的最大适宜度值（0.8351）和最高产量（4 275.8 kg/hm2）是在丰水高肥下一致达到，这表明丰水高肥是半干旱区的一种生态适应性和产量最佳的组合处理。 |
| 关 键 词： | 灌溉，肥料，粮食，农业集水工程，春小麦，生态位适宜度，产量，半干旱区 |
| 收稿时间： | 2008/7/15 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 7/2/2009 12:00:00 AM |
Effects of irrigation and fertilization treatments for rainfall-harvesting agriculture on niche fitness and yield of spring wheat insemi-arid regions |
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| Li Wenlong,Su Min,Li Zizhen.Effects of irrigation and fertilization treatments for rainfall-harvesting agriculture on niche fitness and yield of spring wheat insemi-arid regions[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2010,26(4):42-48. | |
| Authors: | Li Wenlong Su Min Li Zizhen |
| Institution: | 1.Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem/a>;Ministry of Agriculture/a>;School of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology/a>;Lanzhou University/a>;Lanzhou 730000/a>;China/a>;2.School of Mathematics/a>;Hefei University of Technology/a>;Hefei 230009/a>;3.School of Mathematics and Statistics/a>;4.Key Laboratory of Arid and Grassland Agroecology of the Ministry of Education/a>;School of Life Sciences/a>;China |
| Abstract: | In order to explore the important role of irrigation and fertilization for rainfall-harvesting agriculture on improving the niche-fitness and increasing productivity of spring wheat, the effects of different water supply and fertilizer treatments on the leaf area index, root biomass, niche-fitness and productivity were studied by the field plot experiment and modeling method. The results showed that impacts of water supply and fertilizer treatments on leaf area index (LAI) and root biomass were dramatic. Compared rich water treatment (RW), medium water treatment (MW) and nature water treatment (NW) with low water treatment (LW), the maximum LAI in anthesis increased by 56.9%, 30.9% and 19.1%, and the mean of root biomass increased by 84.2%, 50.4% and 26.6%, respectively. Meanwhile, these indices were also increased significantly comparing fertilization with no fertilizer application. The results about niche-fitness and productivity showed that under RW, MW, NW and LW conditions, the means of fitness (F(t)) were 0.6631, 0.5670, 0.5174 and 0.4763 kg/hm2, and the means of grain yield were 3 159.2, 2 345.2, 1 735.7 and 1 380.6 kg/hm2, respectively. Compared RW, MW and NW with LW, the fitness increased by 39.2%, 19.0% and 8.6%, and the mean of grain yield increased by 128.8%, 69.9% and 25.7%, respectively. These results indicated that increased water supply had a significant positive impact on improving fitness and productivity. Meanwhile, fertilization also played an active part in improving fitness and productivity. Statistical analysis showed that the grain yield was linear interrelated with the fitness values. The evaluation results under 16 different treatments showed that low fertilization treatment (LF), medium fertilization treatment (MF), high fertilization treatment (HF) under RW condition, MW with HF, and NW with HF, the growth condition of crop belonged to suitable; the other 11 treatments belonged to moderate or inaptitude. The maximum value of fitness (0.8351) and the highest grain yield (4 275.8 kg/hm2) occurred consistently under rich water with high fertilization, which indicates this combined treatment measure is optimal for niche-fitness and productivity in semi-arid regions. |
| Keywords: | irrigation fertilizers grain rainfall-harvesting agriculture spring wheat niche fitness yield semi-arid region |
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