Influence of Vitamin E Source and Dietary Supplementation Level on Production Performance of Sunshine Bass, Morone chrysops ♀ × Morone saxatilis ♂, Fillet Tocopherol Content, and Immunocompetency during Stress and Bacterial Challenge |
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| Authors: | Jesse T Trushenski Christopher C Kohler |
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| Institution: | Fisheries and Illinois Aquaculture Center and Department of Zoology, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Carbondale, Illinois 62901-6511 USA |
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| Abstract: | We evaluated the effects of dietary vitamin E concentration and source on production performance and immunocompetency of sunshine bass, Morone chrysops × Morone saxatilis , following stress and disease challenge. Four diets were formulated to contain requisite levels (1×) or five times (5×) the vitamin E requirement of sunshine bass as met by synthetic vitamin E (SYNE) or natural source vitamin E (NSVE). Each diet was fed to juvenile sunshine bass for 8 wk prior to experimental challenges. Replicate tanks within each dietary treatment were challenged with stressor exposure (chasing with dip net), incidental Flavobacterium columnare exposure, or both; control groups were not challenged. Pathogen and/or stressor exposure largely resulted in significant reductions in immunological performance. Although significant independent dietary effects were not observed among immunological parameters, suppression of complement and macrophage respiratory burst activities was numerically lower within the 5× NSVE treatment. Production performance was largely unaffected by dietary vitamin E source or level. Fillet α-tocopherol concentration was significantly higher among fish fed the 5× diets (40.7/41.6 vs. 12.2/14.5 μg/g dry tissue for 1× diets); however, the dietary concentration required to achieve these levels was lower for NSVE. Although super-requirement levels of either source of vitamin E were apparently beneficial, NSVE was effective at ～50% lower supplementation levels. |
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