| 不同玉米品种类型的生物学特性与高产栽培技术研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 尹枝瑞.不同玉米品种类型的生物学特性与高产栽培技术研究[J].吉林农业科学,1989(2):6-13. |
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| 作者姓名： | 尹枝瑞 |
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| 摘 要： | 通过对出苗至成熟127、131、136天3个熟期类型,6个品种的生物学特性观察研究,结果表明:生育期较短的品种,前期生育速度快,吐丝期植株不繁茂。在生育期相同的品种中,也是前期生育速度快的,吐丝期繁茂度差;吐丝前干物质积累速度在品种间差别不大,吐丝到成熟期间,特别是其后段差别较大。后段积累速度快的品种,成熟时全株干物重高;吐丝至成熟期间,子粒重量占全株绝对增重量大的品种,经济系数高;品种间田间透光率差别较大,主要取决于最大叶面积系数及吐丝后的株型特点,而与叶长、宽、茎叶夹角、叶长地面投影值及相邻叶片间距基本无关;品种的耐密性与其田间透光率基本一致;品种间的单株叶面积及产量构成要素的变化幅度也有差别,变化幅度小的以及双穗率较高的品种,较耐密植;品种间的耐密性是不同的,耐密性差的,适宜密度仅为每亩2500株,耐密性强的适宜密度为4000株;不同品种对氮素化肥施用时期的反应不同。根据品种生物学特性制定栽培技术,较“通用”高产栽培技术增产5～10％是可能的。
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| 关 键 词： | 玉米 品种 生物学特性 栽培 |
BIOLOGICAL CHARACTERS AND HIGH YIELD CULTURAL TECHNIQUES OF VARlOUS MAIZE VARIETIES |
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| Abstract: | The biological characters of 6 maize hybrids from 3 ripe types (127, 131, 136 days from seedling emergence to ripening respectively) were studied. The results indicate: Varieties of short growth period were growing quickly in the early time, but the plants are not lush in the silking stage. Plants of the varieties grown quickly in the earlier stage of same growth period appeared poorly lush too, There were little differences of dry matter accumulating speed in early silking stage, and more differences during silking to ripe stage, especially in later stage. The varieties with quick accumulating speed during the later stage have more dry weight in ripe stage. The economic coefficients of varieties with larger seed weight per whole plant absolute value were higher from silking to ripe stage. There are larger differences of the light transmission rate among the varieties. It depends on the maximum leaf area coefficient and plant type characters after silking and not related to leaf length, leaf width, angle between stem and leaf, the projection value of leaf langth on ground surface and the distance between neighour leaves. It was almost identical between density resistance of varieties and the light transmission. There were also differences between leaf area per plants and the variant range of yield components of varieties. The varieties with narrow variant range of yield components and the varieties with higher rate of double ear showed more density resistance. The suitable density were 2500 plants per mu for the density un-resistance varieties, and 4000 plants per mu for the good density resistance varieties respectively. The different varieties responded variably to date of N fertilize applied. It is possible that yield more increased by 5~10% in the cultivated technique drawn up according to boilogical character of maize varieties than common cultivated technique of high yield. |
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