| 高产麦田氮素利用、氮平衡及适宜施氮量 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 郭天财,宋晓,冯伟,马冬云,谢迎新,王永华.高产麦田氮素利用、氮平衡及适宜施氮量[J].作物学报,2008,34(5):886-892. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 郭天财 宋晓 冯伟 马冬云 谢迎新 王永华 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 河南农业大学 / 国家小麦工程技术研究中心, 河南郑州 450002 |
| |
| 摘 要： | 选用大穗型小麦品种兰考矮早八, 研究了施氮水平对小麦籽粒产量、蛋白质含量、氮素利用及氮平衡的影响。结果表明, 适量增施氮肥有利于提高籽粒产量, 且以180 kg hm-2 (N3)、360 kg hm-2 (N4)处理的产量最高, 且在N4条件下, 继续增施氮肥仍能显著提高籽粒蛋白质含量。随施氮量的增加, 植株地上部氮积累量提高。氮平衡分析结果表明, 未被当季作物利用的氮主要以氮表观损失和残留无机氮的形式损失, 且随施氮水平的增加, 氮表观损失量和土壤残留量均随之增多。通过环境经济学的Coase原理和边际收益分析, 综合考虑蛋白质含量、籽粒产量、经济和生态效益, 确定202~239 kg hm-2为兰考矮早八兼顾多目标适宜的氮肥用量, 其相应的产量水平为8 628~8 680 kg hm-2, 蛋白质含量为14.6%~14.8%。
|
| 关 键 词： | 冬小麦 产量 氮平衡 施氮量 |
| 文章编号： | 10.3274/SP.J.1006.2008.00886 |
| 收稿时间： | 2007-09-17 |
| 修稿时间： | 2007年9月17日 |
Utilization and Balance of Nitrogen and Proper Application Amount of Nitrogen Fertilizer in Winter Wheat in High-Yielding Regions |
| |
| GUO Tian-Cai,SONG Xiao,FENG Wei,MA Dong-Yun,XIE Ying-Xin,WANG Yong-Hua.Utilization and Balance of Nitrogen and Proper Application Amount of Nitrogen Fertilizer in Winter Wheat in High-Yielding Regions[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2008,34(5):886-892. |
| |
| Authors: | GUO Tian-Cai SONG Xiao FENG Wei MA Dong-Yun XIE Ying-Xin WANG Yong-Hua |
| |
| Institution: | Henan Agricultural University / National Engineering Research Center for Wheat, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, China |
| |
| Abstract: | Application of nitrogen fertilizers is one of the most important measures to increase crop yields. Lankao’aizao 8 is a famous large-spike wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar planted widely in North China. To optimize the nitrogen application in Lankao’aizao 8 for the integrated purposes of yield, economic benefit, and environmental influence, a field experiment was carried out at Henan Agricultural University in 2005—2006 growth seasons. The nitrogen fertilizer treatments were arranged with application rates of 0 (N1), 90 (N2), 180 (N3), and 360 kg N ha-1 (N4) in the randomized block design with three replicates, respectively. A half of the nitrogen fertilizer was applied before sowing as basic fertilizer together with 150 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 150 kg K2O ha-1 and the other a half topdressed at jointing stage. Time-course measurements were taken on plant dry weight, nitrogen content, grain protein content, soil mineral nitrogen (N min) content during the experiment. The results showed that the grain yield and protein content increased with increasing nitrogen application amount, but the grain yield at N4 level (8 299.45 kg ha-1) was lower than that at N3 level (8 602.92 kg ha-1) though there was no significant difference. The N accumulation in shoots increased constantly with more nitrogen fertilizer applied. The N uptake in plants during jointing to heading accounted for 45.6%, 53.0%, and 49.7% of whole uptake amount in N2, N3, and N4 treatments, respectively, indicating wheat plants are sensitive to nitrogen from jointing to heading stages. The analysis on N balance further indicated that the unutilized nitrogen by the current crop mainly lost in forms of residual Nmin in soil and apparent N, which increased accordingly with more nitrogen applications. Considering grain yield and protein content, economic benefit, and ecological effect synthetically, the proper amount of nitrogen fertilizer for Lankao’aizao 8 in production in areas similar to the experimental condition is 202–239 kg ha-1 calculated by the Marginal Revenue Analysis and the Coase theory of environmental economics. Accordingly, the expected grain yield and protein content are 8 628–8 680 kg ha-1 and 14.6–14.8% under the current cultivation techniques, respectively. |
| |
| Keywords: | Winter wheat Yield N balance Nitrogen application rate |
| 本文献已被 维普 万方数据 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《作物学报》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《作物学报》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
