Biodegradation of chlorinated phenols in subsurface soils |
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| Authors: | James A Smith John T Novak |
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| Institution: | 1. Dept. of Civil Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute, and State University, 24061, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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| Abstract: | Microcosm studies were employed to determine the subsurface biodegradation rates of phenol, 2-chlorophenol (2-CP), 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP), and pentachlorophenol (PCP). Soil samples were taken from sites in Pennsylvania and Virginia from depths up to 31 m, and all samples contained significant microbial populations. Soil from both sites readily biodegraded all five compounds. Biodegradation rates increased as initial concentrations increased, and all biodegradation rates appeared to follow first-order kinetics with regard to the initial compound concentrations. Biodegradation rates for the five compounds followed the order: phenol = 2-CP > 2,4,6-TCP > 2,4-DCP. PCP was degraded more slowly than phenol or 2-CP, but similarly to 2,4,6-TCP and 2,4-DCP. Different soils exhibited different degradation rates, and the soil characteristics that may influence the rates are discussed. The data suggest that biological degradation is a significant attenuation mechanism for phenol and its chlorinated derivatives in subsurfaces saturated and unsaturated zones. |
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