Effects of combinations of heavy metals on hill activity of Azolla pinnata |
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| Authors: | Amar Sarkar Sasadhar Jana |
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| Institution: | 1. Botany Department, Burdwan University, 713104, Burdwan, West Bengal
2. P. G. Department of Botany, Darjeeling Government College, Darjeeling, Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, 734101, West Bengal, India
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| Abstract: | The effects of combinations of Hg, As, Ph, Cu, Cd, and Cr on Hill activity of Azolla pinnata R.Br. were studied. All of the combinations of heavy metals decreased Hill activity of chloroplasts over control values. The effects were most pronounced with the treatments of (Hg + As + Pb + Cu + Cd + Cr), followed by (Hg + As + Pb + Cu + Cd). The degree of inhibition of Hill activity in the species by combinations of heavy metals is less due to antagonistic effects (when 2 or 3 metals in combinations), and is much higher due to synergism (when 4 or more metals in combinations) than that by individual heavy metals tested. The harmful effects of the individual metals were, in general, found by the treatments in the order: Cd > Hg > Cu > As > Pb > Cr. |
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