| 防止和修复湖泊水库富营养化渔业操纵的探讨 |
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| 引用本文： | 王宇庭,叶金云,郑荣泉.防止和修复湖泊水库富营养化渔业操纵的探讨[J].大连海洋大学学报,2017,32(4). |
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| 作者姓名： | 王宇庭 叶金云 郑荣泉 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 湖州师范学院 浙江省水生生物资源养护与开发技术研究重点实验室, 中国水产科学研究院水生动物繁育与营养重点实验室,浙江 湖州313000;2. 浙江师范大学 浙江省野生动物生物技术与保护利用重点实验室,浙江 金华,321004 |
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| 基金项目： | 浙江省野生动物生物技术与保护利用重点实验室开放项目，浙江省水生生物资源养护与开发技术研究重点实验室项目，浙江省重点研发计划项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 为防止和修复湖泊水库富营养化,通过渔业操纵实现营养物质的上岸,找到适合所有水体的生态治理方式,本研究中系统归纳了在不同营养类型、不同水体形态和不同营养物质输入节奏水体的渔业操纵对策。结果表明:对于受面源污染较小,营养物质输入分散的贫、中营养水体,应以保护生物多样性的长食物链的渔业形式为主,即实行以肉食性鱼类为主要对象的渔业操纵;随着水体富营养化程度的提高或营养物质输入集中度的提高,逐渐增加杂食性鱼类的比例,其中滤食性鱼类和底层杂食性鱼类的放养比例应根据水体深度和面积进行调整,不应夸大滤食性鱼类在所有形态水体中的除藻效果,尤其在浅而大的湖泊中,底层杂食性鱼类可通过吞食或刮食被湖盆吸附的藻类,实现除藻作用;对于超富营养水体,除了以杂食性鱼类为主的渔业操纵方式外,还需要增加水体的异质性,以提高水体的生物多样性,以及水中营养物质(鱼产量)被浓缩上岸的速度。本研究中首次提出对大而浅的富营养水体进行围栏分割,将大生态系统分割为互相依托的小生态系统景观集合体的生态修复方法,同时还阐述了渔业操纵效果的评价方法。
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| 关 键 词： | 渔业操纵 富营养化 异质性 生态修复 |
Insight into fisheries manipulations to inhibit and restore eutrophications in lakes and reservoirs |
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| Authors: | WANG Yu-ting YE Jin-yun ZHENG Rong-quan |
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| Abstract: | The fisheries manipulation strategies were surveyed in lakes and reserviors with various trophic types, basin morphology, and nutrient input rhythm to inhibit and restore eutrophications in lakes and reservoirs. The sta-tistic data collected from some reservoirs and lakes indicate that long food chain piscivorous fish and indigenous fish should be protected to increase the biodiversties in oligotrophic waters with less non-point pollution and nutrient in-put. Omnivores are stocked into the waters as eutrophication become more and more serious, and ratio of filtering feeder to benthivorous fish should be controlled mainly depending on water depth and area, instead of exaggeration of the algae removal effect by filter feeding fishes in all waters. Especially, benthivorous fish should be stocked more to remove algae in shallow lakes by swallowing and scraping the algae that are adhered by lake basins. In ultra eutrophic lakes, the restoration must be carried out by omnivorous fish together with increase of the water heteroge-neity such as implanting refuges for zooplankton in order to improve biodiversity and fish production, or increase in the rate of nutrients being concentrated and unloaded from the waters. It is first suggested that fence segmentation be conducted in shallow and large eutrophic waters so that a large ecosystem is divided into small ecosystem land-scape complexes that depend on each other. |
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| Keywords: | fisheries manipulation eutrophication heterogeneity ecological restoration |
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