| 咸水畦灌农田土壤水热盐动态及油葵生长的试验与模拟 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 王雅丽,毛晓敏,陈帅,薄丽媛.咸水畦灌农田土壤水热盐动态及油葵生长的试验与模拟[J].农业工程学报,2021,37(8):76-86. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 王雅丽 毛晓敏 陈帅 薄丽媛 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 1.中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院，北京 100083；2.农业农村部作物高效用水武威科学观测实验站，武威 733000 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（51790535，51861125103） |
| |
| 摘 要： | 为探究中国西北旱区咸水畦灌条件下农田土壤水热盐动态及其对作物生长的影响,采用大田试验和WASH-C模型(Layered Soil Water-Solute-Heat Transport and Crop Growth Model,土壤水热盐迁移和作物生长耦合的模拟模型)模拟相结合的方法,分析油葵全生育期内不同灌水量和矿化度处理下土壤剖面水盐分布特征、温度变化及油葵生长规律。试验设置包括2个灌水量水平(分别为油葵畦灌需水量的100%、50%)和3种畦灌水矿化度(分别为0.7、4.0、8.0 g/L)。结果表明,土壤剖面的水、盐、热分布在根区(0～40 cm)的变动幅度要大于深层(40～100 cm),灌水量越多,水分、盐分变幅越大。随着灌水次数的增加,土壤剖面在0.7 g/L矿化度下出现脱盐现象,4.0、8.0 g/L矿化度下出现积盐现象,并且灌水量越大,相应的脱、积盐率越高。试验前期各层地温变化幅度较后期大,温度变化幅度随土壤深度增加而减小。0.7g/L、100%油葵需水量下的作物LAI和产量最大,8g/L、50%油葵需水量下最小,两处理的LAI分别为8.41、3.80 cm~2/cm~2,产量分别为5.49、3.08t/hm~2,差异显著(P0.05)。模拟结果表明,WASH-C能够较好地模拟各时期土壤中根区、深层含水率的分布特征,所有模拟结果的R2不低于0.53。在咸水矿化度小于等于3g/L的情景模拟下,作物根区不会产生明显的积盐现象。合理的咸水畦灌制度有利于充分利用咸水资源并提高油葵的水分利用效率和产量。
|
| 关 键 词： | 土壤水分 温度 含盐量 模型 咸水 灌溉 叶面积指数 油葵 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021/1/12 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021/3/20 0:00:00 |
Experiments and simulation of soil moisture, temperature and salinity dynamics and oil sunflower growth in saline border irrigated farmland |
| |
| Wang Yali,Mao Xiaomin,Chen Shuai,Bo Liyuan.Experiments and simulation of soil moisture, temperature and salinity dynamics and oil sunflower growth in saline border irrigated farmland[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2021,37(8):76-86. |
| |
| Authors: | Wang Yali Mao Xiaomin Chen Shuai Bo Liyuan |
| |
| Institution: | 1.College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; 2. Wuwei Experimental Station for Efficient Water Use in Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuwei 733000, China |
| |
| Abstract: | Abstract: Shiyang River Basin is located in northwest China, with a total area of 41 600 km2. Due to the lack of precipitation and large evaporation, the contradiction of water use in this basin is prominent, and the ecological environment problem is serious. Local industrial, domestic and agricultural water use is highly dependent on groundwater resources. The shallow subsurface salt water resources are abundant, and the rational use of salt water for irrigation can greatly alleviate the current water shortage in this basin. In order to explore the dynamics of water, heat and salt transport in farmland soil and its influence on the growth of oil sunflower under saline border irrigation, a field experiment was conducted in the Shiyanghe Experimental Station in northwest China in 2020. The experimental settings include two irrigation levels (100% and 50% of the water demand for border irrigation of oil sunflower, respectively) and three salinity of irrigation water (0.7, 4.0, and 8.0 g/L, respectively). The soil moisture content, soil salt content, temperature in the depth of 100 cm (20 cm as a layer), leaf area, and yield of oil sunflower were measured regularly during the whole crop growth period. With a combination of experiment and model simulation, the distribution characteristics of soil moisture and salt, the law of temperature changes during the growth and development of oil sunflowers, and their effects on the growth and yield of oil sunflowers under different experimental treatments were studied. The results showed that the variation range of water, salt and heat distribution in the root zone (0-40 cm) was larger than that in the deep layer (40-100 cm). The more irrigation water, the greater the variation range of water and salt. With the increase of irrigation times, the soil profile showed desalination at 0.7 g/L salinity, and salt accumulation at 4.0 g/L and 8.0 g/L salinity. The higher the irrigation amount, the higher the corresponding salt removal and accumulation rate. The variation range of ground temperature in each layer in the early stage of the experiment was larger than that in the later stage, and the variation range of temperature decreased with the increase of soil depth. The leaf area index (LAI) and yield of oil sunflower were the highest at 0.7 g/L and 100% water requirement of crop and the lowest at 8 g/L and 50% water requirement. The LAI of two treatments were 8.41 and 3.80 cm2/cm2, and the yield was 5.49 and 3.08 t/hm2, respectively, with significant difference (P<0.05). The simulation results showed that WASH-C model can well simulate the distribution characteristics of water content in root zone and deep layer of soil in different periods, the change rule of average salt content in soil within 0-100 cm, the change trend of temperature, the LAI and yield of crops, and the R2 of all simulation results is higher than 0.53. In addition, in the set scenario simulation, salt water with salinity of 3 g/L or less will not produce obvious salt accumulation in the root zone of crops. A reasonable border irrigation system of salt water is beneficial to make full use of salt water resources and improve water use efficiency and yield of oil sunflower. |
| |
| Keywords: | soil moisture temperature salinity models saline water irrigation LAI oil sunflower |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《农业工程学报》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《农业工程学报》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
