| 火龙果周年液流特征及其对环境因子的响应 |
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| 引用本文： | 李莉婕,赵泽英,岳延滨,聂克艳,王虎,袁玲.火龙果周年液流特征及其对环境因子的响应[J].农业工程学报,2021,37(8):242-250. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李莉婕 赵泽英 岳延滨 聂克艳 王虎 袁玲 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.西南大学资源环境学院，重庆 400716；2.贵州省农业科学院科技信息研究所，贵阳550006 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金（31460319）；贵州省科技计划项目（黔科合服企［2021］15号） |
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| 摘 要： | 为探明火龙果蒸腾规律,采用田间大棚试验,研究了4 a生火龙果树主茎的液流速率,并同步监测相关环境因子,分析其液流特征及其与各因子间的关系。结果表明:火龙果单日液流以春季(3—5月)最高(平均值11.95 g/h),其次是冬季,最小是夏季,呈显著性季节变化;单日液流主要呈单峰曲线,峰值出现频率最多的时段是在10:00-13:00,谷值主要出现在17:00-20:00,随后至24:00液流呈增长趋势,零点到日出前液流速率变化平缓;白天(日出-日落期间)的液流量占全天的49.60%～71.51%,夜间则降低。伴随春季火龙果新梢的大量生长,白天的液流峰值和日液流总量为四季中最高,说明生育期起主导作用,但春季的夜间液流占比(平均31.05%)显著低于其他季节(P0.01);夏季峰值出现的时间分散在上午或者下午,且液流量较低,说明高温和强光产生了抑制作用;其余季节峰值则集中在中午。白天与夜间液流总量呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.917(R~2=0.841,n=84)。瞬时尺度下液流速率与光合有效辐射(Photosynthetically Active Radiation,PAR)呈正相关(P0.01),但与饱和水汽压差(Vapor Pressure Deficit,VPD)等呈负相关(P0.01)。昼夜间液流对空气相对湿度(Relative Humidity,RH)和气温的响应相反。研究结果为火龙果水分及营养管理提供科学依据,在火龙果大棚生产的周年水肥管理中,满足春季需求是重中之重。
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| 关 键 词： | 传感器 液流 火龙果 液流速率 环境因子 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/10/16 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021/3/8 0:00:00 |
Sap flow characteristics of pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) and its response to environmental factors |
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| Li Lijie,Zhao Zeying,Yue Yanbin,Nie Keyan,Wang Hu,Yuan Ling.Sap flow characteristics of pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) and its response to environmental factors[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2021,37(8):242-250. |
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| Authors: | Li Lijie Zhao Zeying Yue Yanbin Nie Keyan Wang Hu Yuan Ling |
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| Institution: | 1.College of Resource and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China; 2.Institute of Science and Technology Information, Guizhou Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: The planting area of pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is expanding continuously in China in recent years, due mainly to the high economic and ecological value of this tropical fruit . However, drought has become one of the key factors restricting the growth and yield of H. polyrhizus in arid regions. This study aims to explore the characteristics of water consumption subjected to transpiration, and the influencing factors of H. polyrhizus. A Dynamax sap flow measuring system was employed to measure and monitor the sap flow velocity in seven consecutive days per month from September 2019 to August 2020. The planting field was located in the digital agricultural experimental base of Guizhou Academy of Agriculture Sciences in western China. Meanwhile, the related environmental data was simultaneously measured. The correlation of sap flow features with various factors was analyzed to quantify the water demand threshold of H. polyrhizusand water-saving irrigation. The results showed that the single-day sap flow of H. polyrhizus was dominated by a single peak curve. There was an increasing trend of sap flow after sunset, whereas, the sap flow rate varied gently from 00:00 to sunrise. Diurnal sap flow accounted for 49.60%-71.51% of the whole day, whereas, the night sap flow was relatively low. The total sap flow of H. polyrhizus sequenced as spring>winter >autumn >summer. The new shoots emerged sharply in spring, where the peak value of sap flow and average daily flow rate reached the maximum, 2.68 and 3.08 times those in the slow-growing period, while 1.65 and 1.52 times those in the flowering and fruiting period, indicating a leading role of the growth period. However, the proportion of nocturnal sap flow in spring (the average sap flow ratio was 31.05%) was significantly lower than that in other seasons (41.01%-43.65%). The proportion of sap flow velocity at night was ranked in order: summer> winter> autumn > spring. There was a significant correlation between the total night and day sap flow, where the correlation coefficient was 0.917 2. The peaks and valleys of sap flow were scattered with time. Specifically, the peaks appeared more frequently during 10:00-13:00, whereas, the valleys were more concentrated in 17:00-20:00. The sap flow rate had a very significant positive correlation with the total solar radiation (TSR), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), whereas, extremely negatively correlated with the soil temperature (Ts), soil moisture (Ms), relative humidity (RH), and vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Additionally, the sap flow rate was negatively correlated with the TSR and PAR under a high light intensity (TSR>550 W/m2). Furthermore, the responses of sap flow velocity to each environmental factor were ranked in order: TSR >PAR >Ms>RH >Ts>VPD >Ta. There was a significant positive correlation between the total sap flow during the day and night, but the sap flow rate responded differently to temperature and relative air humidity. During the day, Ta had a weaker effect on the sap flow, while at night a significant negative effect. The RH had a negative effect on the liquid flow during the day, whereas, a positive effect at night. Consequently, there were some effects of seasonal factors on the sap flow of H. polyrhizus at night. Adequate irrigation was therefore very important in the spring for the water and fertilizer management of H. polyrhizus planted in the greenhouses. The finding can provide a technical guideline for further research on the water-fertilizer integrated irrigation system of H. polyrhizus. |
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| Keywords: | sensors sap flow Hylocereus polyrhizus sap flow velocity environmental factor |
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