ACCUMULATION OF SULPHUR IN AND ON SCOTS PINE NEEDLES IN THE SUBARCTIC |
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| Authors: | MANNINEN SIRKKU HUTTUNEN SATU KONTIO MATTI |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Biology/Botany, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 333, FIN-90571, Oulu, Finland
2. Geological Survey of Finland, Regional Office of North Finland, P.O. Box 77, FIN-96101, Rovaniemi, Finland
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| Abstract: | Total S concentrations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) needles studied in the Finnish subarctic (66–70°N, 24–30°E) in 1990/1992 ranged from 573 to 1153 μg g-1. Levels were found to be ≈ 900 μg g-1 (i.e. 1.3–1.8 times the ‘normal’ level of 500–700 μg g-1) in areas where the long-term ambient SO2 concentration was ≈ 2–5 μg m-3, particulate SO4 2- ≈ μg m-3 and total S deposition ≈ 0.5 g m-2. A statistically significant increase in needle total S concentrations was found towards the east, i.e. towards the smelters of the Kola Peninsula in Russia, which emit SO2. The increase in needle total S concentrations to over 900 μg g-1 close to the Russian border is thought to result mainly from exposure to high short-term SO2 concentrations. The results also suggest that wintertime S deposition may have an impact on the needle total S content. It is suggested that the UNECE long-term critical level of 15 μg SO2 m-3 for forestry in boreal and high mountain climates in Europe is too high for the pine forests in the extreme north, where the proportion of dry-deposited S may be 60–80%. |
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