| 关中地区果草系统产草量与对杂草的控制 |
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| 引用本文： | 寇建村,杨文权,韩明玉,杨小娟,顾沐宇.关中地区果草系统产草量与对杂草的控制[J].草业科学,2013,30(3):436-446. |
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| 作者姓名： | 寇建村 杨文权 韩明玉 杨小娟 顾沐宇 |
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| 作者单位： | 西北农林科技大学动物科技学院,陕西杨凌,712100;西北农林科技大学生命科学学院,陕西杨凌,712100;西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌,712100 |
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| 基金项目： | 农业部公益性行业计划项目，农业部948项目，国家苹果产业技术体系，西北农林科技大学博士科研启动经费 |
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| 摘 要： | 于苹果园建植第1年的春季，在果树行间分别种植不同草种，以不种草为对照，研究不同草种的生长情况和其对杂草群落的影响。结果表明，在关中地区苹果园牧草春播后，白三叶（Trifolium repens）、红三叶（T.pratense）、多年生黑麦草（Lolium perenne）、紫羊茅（Festuca rubra）、高羊茅（F.arundinacea）出苗和生长较快，短期内能形成致密的草层，杂草种类、密度和盖度小，抑制杂草效果好；草地早熟禾（Poa pratensis）、匍匐剪股颖（Agrostis stolonifera）、百脉根（Lotus cornioulatus）、马蹄金（Dichondra repens）、狗牙根（Cynodon dactylon）出苗和保苗难度较大，到秋季才能完全覆盖地面，种植后前半年抑制杂草的作用较差，而在形成致密草层后，各草种均能很好地抑制杂草群落发展。第2年，除马蹄金、狗牙根外，其余草种均能在3月返青，11月后枯黄，绿期长。马蹄金匍匐茎水平生长速度适中，垂直高度常年保持在10～15 cm，既能很好地覆盖地面，又无需修剪，维护费用最低；白三叶、红三叶、百脉根生长速度适宜，在生长季可以根据需要决定修剪或不修剪；多年生黑麦草、高羊茅生长速度较快，生物量较大，种植当年需要修剪1次，第2年可根据需要确定修剪次数；匍匐剪股颖和紫羊茅生长速度相对较慢，可适当减少修剪次数；狗牙根返青晚、枯黄早，水平扩展速度和生长速度太快，不适合苹果园种植。说明各草种在果园中的适宜性不一，其不同的生长特性是种草果园管理的重要基础，草种盖度和其抑制杂草群落发展的效果密切相关。
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| 关 键 词： | 苹果园 牧草 群落特征 管理措施 杂草 |
Different grass community development and its effects on weeds in the apple orchard |
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| KOU Jian cun,YANG Wen quan,HAN Ming yu,YANG Xiao juan,GU Mu yu.Different grass community development and its effects on weeds in the apple orchard[J].Pratacultural Science,2013,30(3):436-446. |
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| Authors: | KOU Jian cun YANG Wen quan HAN Ming yu YANG Xiao juan GU Mu yu |
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| Abstract: | The study was conducted on the community development of the grasses planted between the apple lines in the spring in the 1 year old apple orchard and their effects on the community development of the weeds. The natural weed community was taken as the control. The results showed when the grasses were planted in the spring in the Guanzhong Area of Shannxi, Trifolium repens, T.pretense, Lolium perenne, Festuca rubra and Festuca arundinacea quickly germinated and grew fast and developed into the sward in short time. There were less species, low density and coverage of the weeds in their community and with better effects on controlling the weeds. Poa pratensis, Agrostis stolonifera, Lotus cornioulatus, Dichondra repens and Cynodon dactylon were hard to germinate and grow could not come into sward until the autumn. They could not effectively control the weeds at that time. In the second year after planting, all the grasses except for D.repens and C.dactylon had the long green period, turning green in March and scorching no earlier than November. The creeping stem of D.repens grew horizontally at a medium speed and vertically kept 10～15 cm in all seasons. And it well covered the ground and without cutting in the growth season, the maintenance cost was less. T.repens, T.pretense, L.cornioulatus grew with a right speed and the cutting was dependent on their own. L.perenne and F.arundinacea grew quickly with high yield and was necessary to cut once in the first year, the cutting frequencies were dependent on the practical situation in the second year. A.stolonifera and F.rubra grew slowly and the cutting frequencies should be less than A.stolonifera and F.rubra. C.dactylon turned green later and scorched earlier than others. In addition, it grew horizontally and levelly too fast and was not good to plant it in the apple orchard. In conclusion, the suitability of grasses in the apple orchard was different and their growth characters were important for the orchard management. The coverage was highly relative to their controlling effects on the weed community development. |
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| Keywords: | apple orchard grass community characteristics of community management measure weed |
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