| 水分亏缺下化肥减量配施有机肥对棉花光合特性与产量的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 冯克云,王宁,南宏宇,高建刚.水分亏缺下化肥减量配施有机肥对棉花光合特性与产量的影响[J].作物学报,2021(1):125-137. |
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| 作者姓名： | 冯克云 王宁 南宏宇 高建刚 |
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| 作者单位： | 甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所;北京市农林科学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 甘肃省科技重大专项(17ZD2NA016-6);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0201905);甘肃省农业科学院中青年基金项目(2019GAAS38)资助。 |
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| 摘 要： | 于2017年和2018年进行田间定位试验,采用裂区试验设计,主区为充分灌溉W1(灌水量4800 m3 hm-2)和亏缺灌溉W2(灌水量2400 m3 hm-2),副区为不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(CF)、75%化肥+25%有机肥(M1)、50%化肥+50%有机肥(M2)、25%化肥+75%有机肥(M3)5个处理,研究了化肥减量配施有机肥对棉花光合特性及产量的影响,以期为水分亏缺下合理利用有机肥、减少化肥投入提供理论依据。结果表明,亏缺灌溉下棉花叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、地上部干物质积累量和籽棉产量均低于充分灌溉,但灌溉水生产力(irrigation water productivity,IWP)和胞间CO2浓度(Ci)高于充分灌溉。化肥减量配施有机肥较单施化肥能显著提高盛蕾期后棉花LAI,提高棉花各生育期Pn和Gs,增加棉花营养器官和生殖器官干物质积累量,并促进干物质向生殖器官转运,提高籽棉产量和IWP,能在盛铃期和吐絮期提高土壤耕层含水量。充分灌溉下,各有机肥配施处理间棉花LAI、Pn和籽棉产量均表现为M1>M2>M3,其中M1籽棉产量2年平均分别较CF、CK提高了6.9%和62.1%;亏缺灌溉下,各有机肥配施处理间棉花LAI、Pn和籽棉产量表现为M2>M1>M3,其中M2籽棉产量2年平均分别较CF、CK提高了19.9%和79.3%。化肥减量配施有机肥在水分亏缺下有利于籽棉增产,缓解水分亏缺对棉花生长发育的影响,其中M2(50%化肥+50%有机肥)为最佳施肥处理。
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| 关 键 词： | 棉花 水分亏缺 有机肥 光合特性 产量 |
Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction with organic fertilizer application under water deficit on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of cotton |
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| FENG Ke-Yun,WANG Ning,NAN Hong-Yu,GAO Jian-Gang.Effects of chemical fertilizer reduction with organic fertilizer application under water deficit on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of cotton[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2021(1):125-137. |
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| Authors: | FENG Ke-Yun WANG Ning NAN Hong-Yu GAO Jian-Gang |
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| Institution: | (Institute of Crop Sciences,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,Gansu,China;Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China) |
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| Abstract: | Fixed position experiments were conducted in 2017 and 2018,and split plot arrangement with the main treatment for full irrigation(W1)with irrigation amount was 4800 cubic meters per hectare and deficit irrigation(W2)was 2400 cubic meters per hectare,and the secondary treatment including treatments without fertilization(CK),single application of chemical fertilizer(CF),75%chemical fertilizer with 25%organic fertilizer(M1),50%chemical fertilizer with 50%organic fertilizer(M2),and 25%chemical fertilizer with 75%organic fertilizer(M3).The effects of chemical fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer application on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of cotton were studied to provide theoretical basis for rational utilization of organic fertilizer and reduction of chemical fertilizer input under water deficit.Under deficit irrigation,leaf area index(LAI),net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),above-ground dry matter accumulation and seed yield of cotton were all lower than that under full irrigation,while irrigation water productivity(IWP)and intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci)were higher.The chemical fertilizer reduction combined with application of organic fertilizer could effectively improve the LAI after the full squaring stage,improve Pn and Gs of cotton in all stage,promote the accumulation of vegetative and reproductive organs dry matter,improve its transfer to the reproductive organs,improve the IWP and seed yield,and also increase the moisture content of soil surface in the period of full boll stage and boll opening stage.The effects among different organic fertilizer treatments on LAI,Pn and seed yield were all presented as M1>M2>M3,and under the treatment of M1,the average seed cotton yield of two years increased compared with CF and CK by 6.9%and 62.1%respectively.Whereas,the effects under deficit irrigation were presented as M2>M1>M3,and the two years’average seed yield increased by 19.9%and 79.3%respectively compared with CF and CK under M2.Chemical fertilizer reduction and organic fertilizer application were beneficial to increase the yield of seed cotton under water deficit,and alleviate the influence of water deficit on cotton growth and development,M2(50%fertilizer+50%organic fertilizer)was the best treatment. |
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| Keywords: | cotton water deficit organic fertilizer photosynthetic characteristics yield |
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