| 优质樱桃番茄高效水氮耦合管理 |
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| 引用本文： | 王超,TankariMoussa,龚道枝,郝卫平,张燕卿,梅旭荣,王耀生.优质樱桃番茄高效水氮耦合管理[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2020,26(1):120-130. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王超 TankariMoussa 龚道枝 郝卫平 张燕卿 梅旭荣 王耀生 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/作物高效用水与抗灾减损国家工程实验室/农业农村部旱作节水农业重点实验室，北京 100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 政府间国际科技创新合作重点专项（2018YFE0107000）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项（BSRF201710）；国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项（2017ZX07101003）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】水分和氮素是限制作物产量和品质的最重要因素,合理的水肥管理是农业生产高产高效的关键。结合同位素技术研究最优水氮耦合模式,为樱桃番茄生产中合理灌水和施氮,提高番茄果实品质及水分利用效率(WUE)提供科学依据。【方法】以樱桃番茄品种‘千禧’为试验材料,结合稳定同位素技术进行水肥耦合盆栽试验。试验设置3个灌溉水平(W)和3个氮素水平(N),灌溉水平包括90%土壤持水量(充分供水,WH),70%土壤持水量(中度水分胁迫,WM)和50%土壤持水量(重度水分胁迫,WL);氮素水平包括高氮(0.23 g/kg,NH),中氮(0.16 g/kg,NM)和低氮(0.08 g/kg,NL)。试验采用完全随机设计,共9个处理。在灌溉施肥处理60天后收获,分析测定了植株不同部位的生物量及碳、氮、氧同位素含量。【结果】在WH和WM条件下,增加氮素用量使番茄地上部干物质量和叶面积显著增加,增幅分别为19.8%~45.4%和29.4%~106.8%;相同氮素水平下,WH和WM的地上部干物质量和叶面积比WL分别增加24.7%~83.4%和17.6%~90.4%。WHNH处理干物质量和叶面积最高,WMNH处理次之,但后者耗水量低,具有最高的WUE。在WH和WM下,随着氮素用量的增加番茄植株的WUE和氮素含量同步增加。土壤水分水平下降提高了植株的WUE以及δ13C和δ18O,而WUE提高的主要原因是由于叶片气孔的优化调控,植株叶片的δ13C和δ18O可以用于表示灌溉施肥条件下长时间尺度上的WUE信息。WLNM处理提高番茄的糖分含量,而WHNM处理能降低番茄的有机酸含量,从而使番茄口感更好,提高番茄品质。【结论】中度水分胁迫和高氮处理(WMNH)能在促进番茄生长和提高氮素吸收和利用效率的同时减少水分用量,提高番茄的水分利用效率,为本试验的最优水氮耦合处理。
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| 关 键 词： | 樱桃番茄 水氮耦合 水氮吸收 水分利用效率 δ13C Δ18O 同位素技术 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-02-27 |
Optimal water and nitrogen coupling management for high quality cherry tomato production |
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| WANG Chao,Tankari Moussa,GONG Dao-zhi,HAO Wei-ping,ZHANG Yan-qing,Mei Xu-rong,WANG Yao-sheng.Optimal water and nitrogen coupling management for high quality cherry tomato production[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2020,26(1):120-130. |
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| Authors: | WANG Chao Tankari Moussa GONG Dao-zhi HAO Wei-ping ZHANG Yan-qing Mei Xu-rong WANG Yao-sheng |
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| Institution: | Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Engineering Laboratory of Efficient Water Use of Crops and Disaster Loss Mitigation, Beijing/Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】Water and nitrogen are important factors limiting crop yield and quality. Water and fertilizer management is studied with isotope techniques to search the appropriate rate of water and nitrogen coupling for achieving the highest nitrogen use efficiency and water use efficiency (WUE) and good taste quality of tomato fruits.【Methods】A cherry tomato cultivar‘Qianxi’was used as the test crop in a pot experiment in greenhouse. The water treatments included fully, medium and stress levels, which was 90% (WH), 70% (WM) and 50% (WL) of the field water capacity, respectively. The three nitrogen levels tested were high (N 0.23 g/kg), medium (N 0.16 g/kg) and low (N 0.08 g/kg). The stable isotope technique was employed to determine the biomass and C, N and O isotope compositions in different parts of plants. The growing period of tomato was 60 days before harvest for sampling.【Results】Under sufficient (WH) and medium water stress (WM) treatments, the increase of nitrogen level increased the above-ground dry matter and leaf area significantly by 19.8%–45.4% and 29.4%–106.8%, respectively. Under the same nitrogen conditions, the above-ground dry matter weight and leaf area in the WH and WM treatments increased by 24.7%–83.4% and 17.6%–90.4%, respectively, compared with the WL treatment. WHNH treatment had the highest dry matter weight and leaf area, followed by WMNH treatment, but the plants in the latter treatment consumed less water and thus had the highest WUE. Under the sufficient (WH) and medium water stress (WM) treatments, the increase of N fertilization improved WUE and N content. Reduction of soil water level increased water use efficiency and plant δ13C and δ18O, indicating that the improved WUE was mainly due to the regulation of stomatal aperture, and leaf δ13C and δ18O could be used as time-integrated indicators for WUE under fertigation. WLNM treatment increased sugar contents in tomatoes, while WHNM treatment decreased organic acid contents in the tomatoes, which improved the taste and quality of tomatoes.【Conclusions】Moderate water stress and high nitrogen treatment (WMNH) can reduce the water use, while increase dry biomass accumulation and nitrogen uptake and use efficiency with the highest WUE, which is the optimal water and nitrogen coupling treatment for tomato production. |
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| Keywords: | cherry tomato water and nitrogen coupling water and nitrogen absorption water use efficiency δ13C δ18O isotope technique |
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