| 盐碱地玉米产量及土壤硝态氮对深松耕作和秸秆还田的响应 |
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| 引用本文： | 翟明振,胡恒宇,宁堂原,张海依,徐琳,尹晓燕.盐碱地玉米产量及土壤硝态氮对深松耕作和秸秆还田的响应[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2020,26(1):64-73. |
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| 作者姓名： | 翟明振 胡恒宇 宁堂原 张海依 徐琳 尹晓燕 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.临沂大学资源环境学院/山东省水土保持与环境保育重点实验室，山东临沂 276000 |
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| 基金项目： | 山东省重点研发计划（2017CXGC0308，2016CYJS05A02）；山东高校科技计划（J18KA132）；作物生物学国家重点实验室开放基金（2018 kf04）；临沂大学博士基金项目（LYDX2016BS063）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】盐碱地是我国重要的土地资源,研究合理可行的耕作技术和培肥措施,为提高产量和实现盐碱地农业可持续发展提供理论依据。【方法】2014-2017年,在山东省滨州市无棣县的盐碱土上,以玉米为供试作物,连续进行了4年田间试验。试验采用裂区设计,以耕作方式为主区,分别设夏季旋耕15 cm (R)和旋耕后再深松35 cm处理(S);副区为冬季秸秆还田量,设秸秆半量还田(3350 kg/hm^2,B)和秸秆全量还田(6700kg/hm^2,Q)两个用量,以无秸秆还田为对照。所有处理的养分总量保持一致。开花后每隔10天取样1次,直到收获期,测定植株干物质和穗位叶硝酸还原酶活性。在玉米小口期、开花期及收获期,取0-100 cm土层样品,每10 cm为一层,测定了土壤硝态氮含量及累积量。【结果】各生育期玉米干物质积累量和产量在两个耕作方式间的差异不显著,与秸秆半量还田相比,秸秆全量还田处理开花期前干物质量较少,但在开花期时,已经开始赶超秸秆半量还田的处理。在收获期,秸秆全量还田处理的干物质量显著高于秸秆半量还田处理的干物质量,4年中的提高幅度为8.6%~9.7%,秸秆全量还田处理的籽粒产量显著优于秸秆半量还田处理(P <0.05)。4年干物质积累量,SQ处理平均比SB、RQ和RB分别提高2.5%~7.3%、1.6%~4.2%和7.6%~20.3%。深松与秸秆全量还田有明显的正耦合作用,秸秆全量还田与深松耕作相结合有利于籽粒产量的提高,与其他处理差异显著(P <0.05)。相同耕作方式下,4年中秸秆全量还田处理的平均硝态氮含量在小口期低于秸秆半量还田,在开花期显著高于秸秆半量还田,但在收获期又显著低于秸秆半量还田的处理,硝态氮累积量平均降低17.9%(P <0.05)。在4年中深松耕作处理的0-100 cm平均硝态氮累积量比旋耕处理的显著降低8.9%。【结论】在供试盐碱地土壤条件下,秸秆全量还田结合浅旋耕后再深松的效果最好,可提高玉米产量,减少土壤中硝态氮的累积。
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| 关 键 词： | 玉米 盐碱地 深松耕作 秸秆还田 干物质 硝态氮 产量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-01-18 |
Response of maize yield and soil nitrate to deep plowing and straw return in saline-alkali soil |
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| ZHAI Ming-zhen,HU Heng-yu,NING Tang-yuan,ZHANG Hai-yi,XU Lin,YIN Xiao-yan.Response of maize yield and soil nitrate to deep plowing and straw return in saline-alkali soil[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2020,26(1):64-73. |
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| Authors: | ZHAI Ming-zhen HU Heng-yu NING Tang-yuan ZHANG Hai-yi XU Lin YIN Xiao-yan |
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| Institution: | 1.College of Resources and Environment, Linyi University /Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Environmental Conservation in Shandong Province, Shandong 276000, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】Saline alkali soil is important farmland resource in our country. To search for suitable tillage and amount of straw return in order to improve soil fertility and maize yield in saline-alkali soil.【Methods】A field experiment was conducted for 4 consecutive years from 2014 to 2017 in Wudi County, Binzhou City, Shandong Province. Saline-alkali soil was common in this region, and summer maize was the test crop. The main treatment factor was tillage: only rotary tillage at 15 cm deep in summer (R) in half of the experimental plot, and further loosing 35 cm deep after rotary tillage (S) in the other half part. The sub treatments were two winter wheat straw returning amounts: half and full of the wheat straws (3350 and 6700 kg/hm2) were returned into soil before sowing of maize (B and Q), and no straw returning was used as the control. The total nutrients inputs of all treatments were the same. Plant dry matter and nitrate reductase in ear leaves were measured every 10 days from anthesis to harvest stage. At V9, flowering and harvest stages of maize, soil samples were taken in 0–100 cm layer with intervals of 10 cm, and nitrate nitrogen content was measured.【Results】There was no significant difference in dry matter accumulation and yield between the two tillage treatments in all growth stages with the same straw returning. Compared with the half straw returning, the dry matter accumulation under full straw return was less before flowering stage, but caught up at the flowering stage, and became significantly higher at harvest, with an increase of 8.6%–9.7% in four years (P < 0.05). The four years’dry matter accumulation in SQ treatment was increased by 2.5%–7.3%, 1.6%–4.2% and 7.6%–20.3%, compared with SB, RQ and RB (P < 0.05). There was a significant and positive interaction between the deep tillage and the full straw returning, and the combination of the full straw returning and the deep tillage was conducive to the improvement of grain yield, which was significantly different from other treatments (P < 0.05). In the four years, the average nitrate nitrogen contents in the RQ and SQ were lower than those in the SB and RB at V9 stage, and similar at flowering stage, significantly lower at harvest, with the average nitrate nitrogen accumulation decreased by 17.9% (P < 0.05). In 4 years, the average nitrate nitrogen accumulation of subsoiling treatments in 0–100 cm layer was 8.9% lower than those of mere rotary tillage treatments(P < 0.05).【Conclusions】In the saline-alkali soil, the combination of straw returning and subsoil plowing has a positive interaction on yield increasing of maize. The effect of full straw return combined with shallow rotary and subsoiling could further improve the maize yield and decrease the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen in the soil. |
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| Keywords: | maize saline-alkali soil subsoiling straw return dry matter nitrate nitrogen yield |
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