| 施磷量对不同播种方式下冬小麦干物质转运及养分吸收利用的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘冲,贾永红,张金汕,孙鹏,罗四维,王欢,李鹏,石书兵.施磷量对不同播种方式下冬小麦干物质转运及养分吸收利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2020,26(5):975-986. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘冲 贾永红 张金汕 孙鹏 罗四维 王欢 李鹏 石书兵 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.新疆农业大学农学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052 |
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| 基金项目： | 新疆维吾尔自治区科技援疆项目（2016E02003）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】 研究立体匀播方式下，施磷量对冬小麦干物质、产量及养分效率的影响，以筛选与新疆冬小麦立体匀播技术配套的适宜施磷量。 【方法】 以新冬22号为材料，采用双因素裂区试验设计，设播种方式为主区，分条播 (D) 和立体匀播 (U) 两种方式；施磷量 (P2O5) 为副区，磷施用量分别为0、60、120、180 kg/hm2 (分别用P0、P60、P120、P180表示)。在主要生育期取植株样并测定干物质分配和转运量，在开花期和成熟期测定植株氮、磷、钾含量，收获后测定产量及其构成因素。 【结果】 与条播相比，小麦茎秆直径和株高在立体匀播下具有显著优势 (P < 0.05)。4个磷用量处理中，干物质转运、分配及磷素转运、利用均以P120最佳，且产量优势明显 (P < 0.05)。立体匀播提高了冬小麦分蘖茎上籽粒的干物质分配、营养器官干物质转运量，保证冬小麦将更多的氮、磷、钾向籽粒转运，促进植株磷素转运和利用。两种播种方式均以P120 处理最有助于开花期和成熟期干物质向叶片、茎秆和叶鞘以及穗部的分配，从而有效增加干物质转运率和干物质转运对籽粒贡献率，进而提高经济系数，达到高产的效果。 【结论】 立体匀播比常规条播更有利于小麦生长发育。采用立体匀播的冬小麦适当增加磷肥施用量，可有效促进单位面积穗数、分蘖茎穗粒数和千粒重的提高，进而获得高产。在本试验条件下，施用P2O5 120 kg/hm2是兼顾冬小麦产量和养分利用效率的最佳用量。
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| 关 键 词： | 冬小麦 条播 立体匀播 施磷量 产量 养分效率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-05-21 |
Effects phosphorus application rates on dry matter translocation and nutrient uptake and utilization of winter wheat under different seeding patterns |
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| LIU Chong,JIA Yong-hong,ZHANG Jin-shan,SUN Peng,LUO Si-wei,WANG Huan,LI Peng,SHI Shu-bing.Effects phosphorus application rates on dry matter translocation and nutrient uptake and utilization of winter wheat under different seeding patterns[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2020,26(5):975-986. |
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| Authors: | LIU Chong JIA Yong-hong ZHANG Jin-shan SUN Peng LUO Si-wei WANG Huan LI Peng SHI Shu-bing |
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| Institution: | 1.College of Agronomy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830052, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】 To select the suitable application rates of P that adapted to the uniform seeding technology of winter wheat in Xinjiang, changes in dry matter, yield and nutrient efficiency of winter wheat were investigated under different application levels of P. 【Methods】 A field experiment with two-factor complete split-plot design was conducted, using wheat cultivar Xindong 22 as tested material. The main treatment factor consisted of two seeding ways: drill seeding pattern (D) and uniform seeding pattern(U), and sub-treatment was four P2O5 application levels of 0, 60, 120, and 180 kg/hm2, which were represented by P0, P60, P120 and P180 in turn. In the main growing stages, plants samples were collected for measuring dry matter distribution and transportation. At the flowering and maturity stage, plant samples were taken for measuring NPK contents. At harvest, the yield and yield components were investigated. 【Results】 The stem diameter and plant height of winter wheat in uniform seeding pattern had significant advantages (P < 0.05) over drill seeding one. Under uniform seeding pattern and among the four P level treatments, the translocation and distribution of dry matter and the phosphorus translocation and utilization in P120 treatment were higher than other treatments, and the yield advantage was significant (P < 0.05). The reason was that more dry matter was translocated from the vegetative organs to the seeds of the tillers, and more N, P and K were allocated into the grains and thus promoted plant phosphorus transportation and utilization. In addition, the P120 was the best for both seeding patterns contributed to the distribution of dry matter to leaves, stems and sheaths and panicles during flowering and maturity period, thus effectively increased the dry matter transportation rate and the contribution rate of dry matter transported to the grain, thereby increased the eoonomic coefficient and achieved high yield. 【Conclusions】 Uniform seeding is more suitable to the growth of wheat than traditional drill seeding. The appropriate application rate of phosphorus fertilizer could promote the tillering and the allocation of dry matter and NPK nutrients to the grains in tillers, thus increase the yield consequently. Under the experimental condition, the optimum P2O5 application rate is 120 kg/hm2. |
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