| 施氮量对土壤–棉花系统中氮素吸收利用和氮素去向的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 王士红,聂军军,李秋芝,尹会会,宋宪亮,孙学振.施氮量对土壤–棉花系统中氮素吸收利用和氮素去向的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2020,26(4):738-745. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王士红 聂军军 李秋芝 尹会会 宋宪亮 孙学振 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.山东农业大学农学院/作物生物学国家重点实验室，山东泰安 271018 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（31601253）；国家现代农业产业技术体系（棉花）建设专项（CARS-18-37）；山东省现代农业产业技术体系（棉花）建设专项（SDAIT-03）；山东省自然科学基金项目（ZR2016CQ20）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】 明确棉田施氮效应，为科学施氮提供理论依据。 【方法】 采用15N示踪法进行盆栽试验，以聊棉6号为材料，设N 0、2、4、6、8 g/pot (分别记作N0、N2、N4、N6、N8) 5个施氮量，研究施氮量对土壤–棉花系统中氮素吸收利用及氮素去向的影响。 【结果】 在收获期，随着施氮量的增加，籽棉产量先升高后降低，N2、N4处理籽棉产量和收获指数明显高于其他处理；干物质积累量和氮素吸收量增加，均以N8处理最大；氮肥农学利用率显著降低，而氮肥回收率则先升高后降低，以N4处理最大，其与N2处理差异不显著；棉株肥料15N吸收量显著升高，而15N回收率呈下降趋势；肥料15N残留量、15N损失量显著升高，15N残留率为21.87%～29.76%，15N损失率为17.68%～33.61%，与初花期相比，收获期15N残留量、15N损失量增加而15N残留率、15N损失率降低，花后对肥料15N吸收利用增强，15N回收率升高，15N残留率和15N损失率降低。棉株氮素来源于土壤氮的比例 (Ndfs) 为66.35%～81.87%，土壤氮素激发率为114.44%～125.86%，各施氮量间土壤氮素均产生正激发效应，且差异不显著。 【结论】 N2处理肥料15N回收率为58.65%、15N残留率为23.67%、15N损失率为17.68%，可在保证棉花高产基础上，减少氮肥投入，充分发挥土壤氮库的作用，提高氮肥吸收利用，降低损失，满足高产和环境友好的需求。
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| 关 键 词： | 棉花 施氮量 15N示踪 氮肥利用率 氮肥残留 氮肥损失 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-07-31 |
Effects of nitrogen application rate on nitrogen absorption and utilization,and fate of nitrogen in soil-cotton system |
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| WANG Shi-hong,NIE Jun-jun,LI Qiu-zhi,YIN Hui-hui,SONG Xian-liang,SUN Xue-zhen.Effects of nitrogen application rate on nitrogen absorption and utilization,and fate of nitrogen in soil-cotton system[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2020,26(4):738-745. |
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| Authors: | WANG Shi-hong NIE Jun-jun LI Qiu-zhi YIN Hui-hui SONG Xian-liang SUN Xue-zhen |
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| Institution: | 1.Agronomy College, Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Tai’an, Shandong 271018, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】 In order to clarify the effect of nitrogen application on high-yield cotton fields in this region. It provides a theoretical basis for scientific nitrogen application. 【Methods】 The 15N tracer method was used in the pot experiment. It was conducted with Liaomian 6 as material, five nitrogen rates of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g/pot were designed, and recorded as N0, N2, N4, N6 and N8, respectively. The experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen application rate on nitrogen absorption and utilization, and fate of nitrogen in soil-cotton system. 【Results】 At harvest stage, with the increase of nitrogen application, the yield of seed cotton increased first and then decreased. The seed cotton yield and harvest index of N2 and N4 were significantly higher than those of other treatments. The accumulation of dry matter and nitrogen increased, and they all reached the maximum in N8. At the same time, the N agricultural efficiency decreased significantly, and the N recovery efficiency increased first and then decreased. It achieved the maximum value in N4, but there was no significant difference with taht in N2. The uptake of fertilizer 15N increased significantly, and 15N recovery rate showed a downward trend in cotton plant. Positive excitation effect was produced in all nitrogen application treatments. With the increase of nitrogen application, 15N residue and 15N loss of fertilizer increased significantly. After topdressing, 15N residue and 15N loss increased while 15N residue rate and loss rate decreased. This indicated that the absorption and utilization of 15N increased after anthesis, and the recovery rate of 15N of cotton plant increased, resulting in the decrease of residue rate and loss rate. The proportion of cotton nitrogen from soil was 66.35%–81.87%, and the priming effect of soil nitrogen was 114.44%–125.86%. 【Conclusions】 The recovery rate of 15N was 58.65% , the residual rate of 15N was 23.67% and the loss rate of 15N was 17.68% when nitrogen application rate was N2. N2 can guarantee high cotton yield, reduce the input of nitrogen fertilizer, reduce losses and improve the absorption and utilization of nitrogen fertilizer. In N2 treatment, soil nitrogen pool reaches a balanced state, which could not only achieve high yield but also meet the needs of environmental friendliness. |
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