| 我国主要粮食作物秸秆钾养分资源量及还田替代钾肥潜力 |
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| 引用本文： | 柴如山,安之冬,马超,王擎运,章力干,郜红建.我国主要粮食作物秸秆钾养分资源量及还田替代钾肥潜力[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2020,26(2):201-211. |
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| 作者姓名： | 柴如山 安之冬 马超 王擎运 章力干 郜红建 |
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| 作者单位： | 农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室/安徽农业大学资源与环境学院，安徽合肥 230036 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0300901，2016YFD0200107）；国家自然科学基金项目（31700452）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】 粮食作物秸秆中钾养分含量及其还田后的当季释放率均较高，调查我国主要粮食作物秸秆钾养分资源量，为秸秆还田条件下农田钾素养分管理提供科学依据。 【方法】 基于最新统计数据和文献资料，采用草谷比法估算了我国不同省份和农区主要粮食作物秸秆的钾养分资源量，及其在还田条件下的钾肥替代潜力。 【结果】 2015—2017年在我国主要粮食作物种植区域，水稻、小麦和玉米秸秆的年均产量分别为23212万t、17083万t和39918万t，三大粮食作物秸秆主要分布于华北、长江中下游和东北农区，分别占全国总量的33.6%、25.4%和22.8%。水稻、小麦和玉米秸秆可以提供的年均钾养分资源量分别为529万t、216万t和568万t，长江中下游、华北和东北农区三大粮食作物秸秆钾养分资源量居于全国前列，分别占全国总量的30.4%、28.2%和22.0%。各省单位耕地面积水稻秸秆还田当季可提供的钾养分量均较高，为K2O 115.0～209.5 kg/hm2。小麦秸秆还田替代钾肥潜力较大的省份有河南、河北、山东、安徽和江苏，占全国小麦总播种面积的71.1%，钾肥替代潜力为K2O 82.3～97.1 kg/hm2。对玉米秸秆还田来说，其钾肥替代潜力为K2O 67.2～170.7 kg/hm2。从全国范围来看，单位耕地面积水稻、小麦和玉米秸秆还田当季可提供钾养分量分别为 K2O 152.6、82.4和124.4 kg/hm2。 【结论】 我国水稻、小麦和玉米秸秆还田当季可提供的钾养分量分别为K2O 449万t、193万t和479万t。我国单位耕地面积水稻、小麦和玉米秸秆还田当季的钾肥替代潜力分别为K2O 152.6、82.4和124.4 kg/hm2，充分利用秸秆资源，可基本满足我国粮食作物生产的钾素需求，维持土壤钾素平衡。
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| 关 键 词： | 水稻 小麦 玉米 秸秆还田 钾肥替代 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-04-18 |
Potassium resource quantity of main grain crop straw and potential for straw incorporation to substitute potassium fertilizer in China |
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| CHAI Ru-shan,AN Zhi-dong,MA Chao,WANG Qing-yun,ZHANG Li-gan,GAO Hong-jian.Potassium resource quantity of main grain crop straw and potential for straw incorporation to substitute potassium fertilizer in China[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2020,26(2):201-211. |
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| Authors: | CHAI Ru-shan AN Zhi-dong MA Chao WANG Qing-yun ZHANG Li-gan GAO Hong-jian |
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| Institution: | Anhui Province Key Lab of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention/School of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui 230036, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】 Crop straws contain high content of potassium (K), and the in-season K release rates of returned straws are high in Chinese croplands. Clearance of the quantity of crop straws and the contained K resources in the main grain crops planting areas of China would provide a scientific basis for soil K management under straw returning. 【Methods】 Based on latest statistical data and literature review, the K resource quantity of main grain crop straws and the potential of K fertilizer substitution were estimated for different provinces and agricultural regions of China. 【Results】 The results indicated that the amounts of crop straw from rice, wheat and maize were 232.12, 170.83 and 399.18 million tons per year, in the main grain crops-planting regions of China during 2015–2017. The crop straws were mainly produced in North China, Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, and Northeast China, accounting for 33.6%, 25.4% and 22.8% of the total national crop straw yields, respectively. The annual straw K resources from rice, wheat and maize were 5.29, 2.16 and 5.68 million tons. The straw K resources were mainly distributed in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, North China and Northeast China, accounting for 30.4%, 28.2% and 22.0% of the whole resources in China. The K2O provided by rice straw incorporation ranged from 115.0 to 209.5 kg/hm2 in China, that by wheat straw incorporation was relatively higher (K2O 82.3–97.1 kg/hm2) in Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Anhui and Jiangsu Provinces, where the sowing areas of wheat was about 71.1% of China. For maize, straw incorporation could substitute 67.2–170.7 kg/hm2 of K2O input. At the national scale, the substituting potentials of potash through straw incorporation were K2O 152.6, 82.4 and 124.4 kg/hm2 for rice, wheat and maize, respectively. 【Conclusions】 The straws of rice, wheat and maize could averagely provide K2O resources of 4.49, 1.93 and 4.79 million tons annually under straw returning. The available K2O amount in season from rice, wheat and maize straws are 152.6, 82.4 and 124.4 kg/hm2 in China. Therefore, using straws properly could satisfy the basic potassium requirement for grain production and soil potassium balance. |
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