| 不同林龄马尾松人工林碳、氮、磷、钾养分含量及其生态化学计量特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 盘金文,郭其强,孙学广,高超.不同林龄马尾松人工林碳、氮、磷、钾养分含量及其生态化学计量特征[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2020,26(4):746-756. |
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| 作者姓名： | 盘金文 郭其强 孙学广 高超 |
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| 作者单位： | 贵州大学贵州省森林资源与环境研究中心/林学院，贵州贵阳 550025 |
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| 基金项目： | 贵州省科技厅项目（黔科合[2018]1040，黔科合平台人才[2018]5261）；贵州省一流学科建设项目（GNYL[2017]007）；广西创新驱动发展专项（A17204087-4）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】 探讨林龄及器官对马尾松 (Pinus massoniana) 碳 (C)、氮 (N)、磷 (P)、钾 (K) 生态化学计量特征的影响，可为马尾松人工林的合理养分管理提供数据支持。 【方法】 以黔中地区孟关林场不同林龄 (幼龄林、中龄林、近熟林和成熟林) 马尾松人工林为研究对象，采用空间代替时间的方法，在不同年龄林分中分别设3个20 m × 20 m的典型样地，采集叶、茎和根样品，并测定各器官C、N、P、K含量及化学计量比，分析它们在不同器官中的分布特征及随林龄的动态变化。 【结果】 1) 各器官的元素含量及化学计量比随林龄增加呈现一定变化。叶片C、N含量随林龄增加呈上升趋势，P、K含量先上升后下降；茎中C含量随林龄增加呈上升趋势，N、K含量先下降后上升，P含量变化不显著 (P > 0.05)；根中C含量随林龄变化不显著 (P > 0.05)，N含量呈先下降后上升趋势，P含量先上升后下降，K含量呈“下降—上升—下降”的趋势。叶C∶N随林龄增加呈下降趋势，N∶P先下降后上升，P∶K先上升后下降再略上升；茎C∶N随林龄增加变化不显著 (P > 0.05)，N∶P先下降后上升，P∶K先上升后下降；根部C∶N、P∶K随林龄增加先上升后下降，N∶P先下降后上升。各器官C∶P、C∶K、N∶K随林龄变化均不显著 (P > 0.05)。2) 不同器官C含量436.6～468.2 g/kg，茎 > 叶 > 根；N含量1.45～2.90 g/kg，茎 > 根 > 叶；P、K含量分别为0.14～1.05、0.53～5.06 g/kg，均为叶 > 根 > 茎；C∶N为165.4～311.4，叶 > 根 > 茎；C∶P、C∶K、N∶P、N∶K分别为440.1～3745、92.14～1311、1.48～23.4、0.31～7.97，均为茎 > 根 > 叶；P∶K为0.20～0.36，茎 > 叶 > 根。3) 叶、茎和根中C∶N与N含量，C∶P与P含量，C∶K与K含量均呈极显著负相关 (P < 0.01)，C∶N、C∶P、C∶K与C含量相关性均不显著 (P > 0.05)。 【结论】 与亚热带同纬度地区相比，本研究区域马尾松植株C、N、K含量相对较低，P含量相对较高；不同林龄阶段马尾松不同器官养分含量及化学计量比存在差异；在调查区域，马尾松针叶片中N∶P计量特征值处于1.11～1.85范围，表明其生长过程中主要受氮素限制。因此，在幼、中龄林阶段，建议施用氮肥满足其健康生长，也可辅以施少量钾肥以增强植株光合作用及抗逆性，不需施磷肥。
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| 关 键 词： | 林龄 马尾松人工林 叶 茎 根 生态化学计量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019-07-15 |
Contents and stoichiometric characteristics of C,N, P and K under different stand ages of Pinus massoniana plantations |
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| PAN Jin-wen,GUO Qi-qiang,SUN Xue-guang,GAO Chao.Contents and stoichiometric characteristics of C,N, P and K under different stand ages of Pinus massoniana plantations[J].Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science,2020,26(4):746-756. |
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| Authors: | PAN Jin-wen GUO Qi-qiang SUN Xue-guang GAO Chao |
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| Institution: | Institute for Forest Resources & Environment of Guizhou/College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China |
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| Abstract: | 【Objectives】 The ecological stoichiometric characteristics of C, N, P and K of Pinus massoniana were investigated, which would provide references for the nutrient management during the growth of P. massoniana plantation. 【Methods】 Standing age of 10 years, 20 years, 30 years, 36 years of P. massoniana plantation were selected as research objects in Mengguan Forest Farm in central Guizhou. In 20 m × 20 m typical plots of each standing age, plant samples were collected and divided into leaves, stems and roots for the determination of C, N, P, K contents. The stoichiometric ratio were calculated and compared in a spatial scale. 【Results】 1) The element content and stoichiometric ratios in each organ fluctuated with the increase of stand age. The C and N contents in leaves showed an upward trend with stand ages, while the P and K contents increased first and then decreased. The C content in stems showed an upward trend while the N and K contents decreased first and then increased, and the P content was relatively stable with stand ages (P > 0.05). The C content in root was not significantly changed with the stand age (P > 0.05), the N contents showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and the content of P increased first and then decreased, the K content showed a ‘decline–rise–decline’ trend. Leaf C∶N showed a decreasing trend with the increase of stand age, while N∶P decreased first and then increased, P∶K increased first and then decreased and then slightly increased. Stem C∶N showed no significant change with the increase of stand age (P > 0.05), N∶P decreased first and then increased, P∶K increased first and then decreased. Root C∶N and P∶K increased first amd then decreased, N∶P decreased first and then increased. The changes of C∶P, C∶K and N∶K of each organ were not significant with the stand age (P > 0.05). 2) C content in different organs was 436.6–468.2 g/kg, shown as stem > leaf > root. N content was 1.45–2.90 g/kg, shown as stem > root > leaf. The contents of P and K were 0.14–1.05 g/kg and 0.53–5.06 g/kg respectively, which were both in order of leaf > root > stem. C∶N was 165.4–311.4, leaf > root > stem; C∶P, C∶K, N∶P, N∶K were 440.1–3745, 92.14–1311, 1.48–23.4, 0.31–7.97, respectively, which were all in order of stem > root > leaf. P∶K was 0.20–0.36, shown as stem > leaf > root. 3) The leaf, stem and root C∶N and N content, C∶P and P content, C∶K and K content were all significantly and negatively correlated (P < 0.01), and the C∶N, C∶P, C∶K and C content were not significantly correlated (P > 0.05). 【Conclusions】 Compared with the subtropical region in the same latitude, the contents of C, N and K in P. massoniana are relatively low in this region, and that of P is relatively high. The nutrient contents and stoichiometric ratios vary in organs of P. massoniana at different ages. The leaf N∶P ratios is in range of 1.11–1.85 in all the stand ages, so the growth of forest is generally restricted by N. In the young and middle stand age of plantations, N fertilizer application is suggested to maintain the normal growth, and small rate of K fertilizer is recommended , and phosphate is not necessary. |
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