Effect of rapid intravenous administration of 50% dextrose solution on phosphorus homeostasis in postparturient dairy cows |
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| Authors: | Grünberg Walter Morin Dawn E Drackley James K Constable Peter D |
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| Institution: | Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61802, USA. |
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| Abstract: | BACKGROUND: Dextrose is commonly administered to postparturient dairy cows, which often have low plasma phosphorus concentration (P]) as a result of anorexia and sudden onset of lactation. Intravenous (IV) dextrose administration causes hypophosphatemia in other species. HYPOTHESIS: Bolus administration of dextrose to postparturient dairy cows results in a transient decrease in plasma P]. ANIMALS: Six healthy postparturient dairy cows. METHODS: Using a crossover design, cows were administered 500 mL of 50% dextrose solution IV or a sham treatment. Plasma concentrations of glucose (glucose]), immunoreactive insulin (IRI]), and phosphorus were monitored for 12 hours after each treatment. Urine P], glucose], and volume and salivary P] were also determined. RESULTS: Plasma glucose], IRI], and P] were stable during sham treatment. Plasma P] decreased rapidly after dextrose administration, dropping by 35% in 1 hour and remaining below baseline for 90 minutes. Salivary P], urine P], and urine volume per hour remained stable after dextrose administration, but glucose was detected in urine for up to 6 hours. The amount of glucose excreted in urine in 12 hours (11.9+/-4.5 g) was less than 5% of the administered dose. Regression analysis revealed a stronger association between plasma P] and IRI] than between plasma P] and glucose], suggesting that hyperinsulinemia drove the hypophosphatemia. CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: Results indicate that low plasma P] should be expected in cows that have received IV dextrose within 1 hour before blood sampling. Caution is advised when administering dextrose solution to cows already at risk of hypophosphatemia. |
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| Keywords: | Glucose Glucosuria Hyperglycemia Hypophosphatemia insulin |
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