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| 大田地下滴灌土壤水分分布均匀度评价方法 | |
| 引用本文： | 宰松梅,仵 峰,温 季,王朝辉.大田地下滴灌土壤水分分布均匀度评价方法[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(12):51-57. |
| 作者姓名： | 宰松梅 仵 峰 温 季 王朝辉 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 西北农林科技大学资源与环境学院,杨凌,712100;中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,新乡,453003 2. 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,杨凌,712100 3. 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,新乡,453003 4. 西北农林科技大学资源与环境学院,杨凌,712100 |
| 基金项目： | 国家863计划重点课题（2006AA100213）；国家自然科学基金项目（50309016）；国家科技支撑计划课题（2007BAD38B04） |
| 摘 要： | 灌水均匀度是评价灌水质量的重要指标，灌水后的土壤水分分布均匀度是灌水均匀与否的最终体现。选择最佳的土壤水分取样点数是进行经济、准确评价灌水后土壤水分分布均匀度的基础。在新疆地下滴灌棉田中，灌水后2 d（土壤水分相对稳定）进行取样，实测田间土壤水分分布，抽样分析了样本数与土壤水分分布特征及均匀度之间的关系。结果表明，随样本数的增加，对应的土壤水分布均匀系数（克里斯琴森均匀系数Cu）的变幅缩小，并向其均值集中。从样本数量上分析，样本数在15到60之间，其Cu的均值变化并不明显；在试验条件下，进行大田土壤水分监测评价时，均匀分布的取样点个数应不少于24个。Cu和配水均匀度（Du）之间存在较好的相关性，但用实测结果得出的系数与相关手册的推荐值之间存在一定的偏差，互算时需加以考虑。采用均匀25点取样，对大田棉花地下滴灌的土壤水分分布状况进行了评价。结果表明，地下滴灌条件下，毛管附近的土层土壤含水率变幅最大；与上、下土层相比，灌水前毛管附近（20～40 cm）处的土壤水分均匀度较低，灌水后其均匀度大幅提高。 |
| 关 键 词： | 灌溉，土壤水分，取样，大田，均匀度 |
| 收稿时间： | 2009/7/14 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2009/9/27 0:00:00 |
Evaluation method of soil water distribution uniformity under conditions of field subsurface drip irrigation |
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| Zai Songmei,Wu Feng,Wen Ji and Wang Zhaohui.Evaluation method of soil water distribution uniformity under conditions of field subsurface drip irrigation[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2009,25(12):51-57. | |
| Authors: | Zai Songmei Wu Feng Wen Ji and Wang Zhaohui |
| Institution: | 1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; 3. Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453003, China,2. College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China; 3. Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453003, China,3. Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453003, China and 1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China |
| Abstract: | Uniformity is one of the important indicators for the evaluation of irrigation quality, and soil water distribution uniformity is the ultimate expression of irrigation uniformity. Selection of suitable sampling numbers of soil water is the base for economical and accurate evaluation of soil water distribution uniformity after irrigation. Field measurement of soil moisture distribution was measured in the cotton field under subsurface drip irrigation in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, 2 days after irrigation when the soil moisture had reached a relative stability. Relationship between sampling numbers and soil moisture distribution characteristics, and soil water distribution uniformity were analyzed. Results showed that the coefficient Cu of soil water distribution was close to its mean value with increasing of samples. From the quantitative analysis of samples, the mean of Cu was not obvious change as sample number increase from 15 to 60. Under the condition of experiment, the desirable number of samples should be more than 24 for field soil moisture monitoring and evaluation. There was a significant relevance between Cu and the distribution uniformity (Du). But a certain deviation occured between the coefficients derived from the measured data and that recommended by the United States Department of Agriculture. And this should be taken into account when such exchange formula was used. Using uniform 25-point sampling method, soil water distribution of subsurface drip irrigation in cotton fields was evaluated. Results showed that soil moisture uniformity in the vicinity of drip line (20-40 cm) was lower than that in the upper and below layer of drip line before irrigation, and would increase after irrigation, compared with the upper and lower layers. Soil moisture variation near the drip line is the largest in the soil under subsurface drip irrigation. |
| Keywords: | irrigation soil moisture sampling field uniformity |
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