| 全球大鸨的现状及种群发展趋势 |
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| 作者单位： | Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales,CSIC,José Gutiérez Abascal 2,28006 Madrid,Spain china |
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| 摘 要： | 2010年大鸨的全球种群数量估计为44100-57000只,其中57-70%分布于西班牙,俄罗斯的欧洲部分占15-25%,中国、蒙古及俄罗斯东南部共占4-10%,葡萄牙占3-4%,匈牙利占3%,土耳其占1-2%,其余零星分布于其他10个国家.在这次估算和调查结果中,大部分统计数据(占全球种群数量的67-75%)的可靠性很高,其余25-33%(分布于俄罗斯、蒙古国、中国、土耳其、乌克兰、伊朗、哈萨克斯坦等国家)或因调查不完善或因数据陈旧导致可靠性较低.虽然有报道称部分国家(如土耳其、伊朗和中国)的大鸨种群数量持续下降,但本次调查表明,在过去的10年里,全球种群数量并没有明显减少,与目前有关全球种群数量呈下降趋势的预测恰恰相反.这是由于近些年在大鸨主要分布区(如西班牙、葡萄牙)开展了全面、稳定的调查,使结果更准确;且在这些国家制定禁捕令后的几十年里,大鸨数量有明显恢复.仅在生活着全球大鸨总数的6-10%的地区,种群数量仍存在明显下降的现象,这主要是由于农业活动加剧以及栖息地退化、非法捕猎、触碰高压线等原因造成的.只有极少部分(占全球种群数量的3-4%)因管理和保护措施得当,种群数量有明显的(德国、奥地利)或显著的(匈牙利)增加.占全球总数的19-22%因当前或过去的调查不准确,现状和种群发展趋势不明确.因此,我们建议:1)继续保护该物种以及对全球现状的关注;2)为更准确地估算大鸨全球数量和趋势,应在种群资料相对缺乏的国家尽快展开全国性的调查.
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| 关 键 词： | 大鸨(Otis tarda) 种群趋势 现状 |
The world status and population trends of the Great Bustard(Otis tarda): 2010 update |
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| Authors: | Juan CALONSO Carlos PALACN |
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| Institution: | Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales,CSIC,José Gutiérez Abascal 2,28006 Madrid,Spain china |
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| Abstract: | The Great Bustard(Otis tarda)world population is estimated to be 44100-57000 individuals in 2010,of which about 57-70% occur in Spain,15-25% in European Russia,4-10% in China,Mongolia and south-eastern Russia,3-4% in Portugal,3% in Hungary,1-2% in Turkey,and smaller numbers in ten other countries.The reliability of current censuses and estimates may be described as high for a large fraction of the world population(67-75%),and low for the remaining 25-33%(including Russia,Mongolia,China,Turkey,Ukraine,Iran and Kazakhstan).In spite of continued declines reported for some countries(e.g.,Turkey,Iran,China),the present survey suggests that total numbers have not significantly decreased worldwide during the last decade,as opposed to the globally declining trend currently assumed.This is due to a large fraction of the world total living in countries whose overall surveys are apparently stable(e.g.,Spain,Portugal),after a noticeable recovery during the last few decades once the hunting ban was established.Only 6-10% of the world total is apparently still decreasing,mostly due to agricultural intensification,other causes of habitat degradation,and locally,also illegal hunting and collision with power lines.A small fraction of the world population(3-4%),is clearly(Germany,Austria)or apparently(Hungary)increasing,due to management and conservation measures.Finally,19-22% of the world total has an uncertain status,due to inaccurate current or past censuses which prevent establishing reliable population trends.We recommend 1)keeping conservation efforts and the species' protection status worldwide,and 2)carrying out urgently nation-wide surveys in countries with low quality estimates,in order to confirm world numbers and trends. |
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| Keywords: | Great Bustard(Otis tarda) population trends status |
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