| 3种块茎类挺水植物的净水效能及资源化利用 |
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| 引用本文： | 褚淑祎,赖政钢,李锷,邵建雷,黄志达,肖继波.3种块茎类挺水植物的净水效能及资源化利用[J].浙江农林大学学报,2020,37(6):1224-1229. |
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| 作者姓名： | 褚淑祎 赖政钢 李锷 邵建雷 黄志达 肖继波 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.温州市农业科学研究院，浙江 温州 3250062.温州大学 生命与环境科学学院，浙江 温州 3250353.瓯北镇人民政府，浙江 温州 3250124.温州创源环境科技有限公司，浙江 温州 3250365.温州市工业科学研究院，浙江 温州 325028 |
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| 基金项目： | 浙江省基础公益研究计划项目(LGF19E090002)；瓯海区第2批领军型人才科技专项 |
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| 摘 要： | 目的 研究常见块茎类水生植物对污染水体营养物质的净化能力及植物块茎淀粉产量，探明淀粉资源化利用的可行性及潜在风险。 方法 通过水培试验，对比黄菖蒲Iris pseudacorus、美人蕉Canna indica、水芋Calla palustris对污染水体的净化性能，以不种植物处理作空白对照，每组设3个重复。考察水中氨氮、总氮和总磷的去除效率，分析氮磷在植物根、茎、叶和块茎中的积累及分配，测定植物块茎中淀粉质量分数及重金属铜(Cu)、锌(Zn)、铬(Cr)和铅(Pb)的富集量。 结果 水中氨氮和总磷初始质量浓度为7.37~7.53、0.41~0.45 mg·L?1时，试验20 d，植物处理组氨氮、总氮和总磷质量浓度分别降至0.01~0.07、0.61~0.91和0.025~0.031 mg·L?1，满足GB 3838?2002《地表水环境质量标准》之Ⅲ类水标准限值要求。黄菖蒲、美人蕉和水芋块茎淀粉提取量分别为61.3、14.1和64.0 g·kg?1。100 m2植物种植试验区，黄菖蒲、美人蕉和水芋区分别回收淀粉量14.3、1.2、2.6 kg。植物块茎可富集重金属，当水中Cu2+、Zn2+、Cr3+和Pb2+初始质量浓度为2.01~2.08、2.56~2.87、0.22~0.26、0.24~0.26 mg·L?1时，黄菖蒲块茎淀粉中铜、锌、铬和铅质量分数分别为10.30、46.7、12.03和1.74 mg·kg?1，美人蕉依次为12.68、44.67、8.15和1.32 mg·kg?1，水芋则为19.28、66.91、9.63和3.97 mg·kg?1。 结论 3种块茎类水生植物对氮磷等营养物质具有较强的净化能力，可回收较为可观的淀粉量，但若污染水体中共存重金属时，不建议对植物块茎进行资源化利用。图4参17
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| 关 键 词： | 块茎植物 淀粉 重金属 氮 磷 污染水体 净化效应 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-01-10 |
Water purification efficiency and resource utilization of three tuberous emergent aquatic plants |
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| CHU Shuyi,LAI Zhenggang,LI E,SHAO Jianlei,HUANG Zhida,XIAO Jibo.Water purification efficiency and resource utilization of three tuberous emergent aquatic plants[J].Journal of Zhejiang A&F University,2020,37(6):1224-1229. |
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| Authors: | CHU Shuyi LAI Zhenggang LI E SHAO Jianlei HUANG Zhida XIAO Jibo |
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| Institution: | 1.Wenzhou Academy of Agricultural Science, Wenzhou 325006, Zhejiang, China2.College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang, China3.People’s Government of Oubei Town, Wenzhou 325012, Zhejiang, China4.Wenzhou Chuangyuan Environment Technology Co. Ltd., Wenzhou 325036, Zhejiang, China5.Wenzhou Institute of Industry & Science, Wenzhou 325028, Zhejiang, China |
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| Abstract: | Objective This study aims to investigate the purification capacity for nutrients in polluted water and the yield of tuber starch of three common tuberous aquatic plants, and estimate the feasibility and potential risk of starch resource utilization. Method Purification efficiency of Iris pseudacorus, Canna indica and Calla palustris for polluted water body was compared using hydroponic experiment, and three replicates were set for each group. No plant treatment was used as control group. Removal efficiency of ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in water was investigated. The contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in plant roots, stems, leaves and tubers were analyzed. The content of starch and heavy metals including Cu, Zn, Cr and Pb in plant tubers were measured. Result When initial concentrations of ammonium nitrogen and total phosphorus were 7.37?7.53 and 0.41?0.45 mg·L?1, concentrations of ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in plant treatment groups decreased to 0.01?0.07, 0.61?0.91, and 0.025?0.031 mg·L?1 respectively after 20 days of treatment, which met the Class Ⅲ standard for surface water environmental quality (GB 3838?2002). The starch extracted from tubers of I. pseudacorus, C. indica and C. palustris was 61.3, 14.1 and 64.0 g·kg?1, respectively. Starch yields of these plant species were 14.3, 1.2 and 2.6 kg·m?2 respectively in the 100 m2 trial plot. The tuber could accumulate heavy metals. As initial concentrations of Cu2+, Zn2+, Cr3+ and Pb2+ in water were 2.01?2.08, 2.56?2.87, 0.22?0.26, and 0.24?0.26 mg·L?1, the contents of Cu, Zn, Cr and Pb in tuber starch of I. pseudacorus were 10.30, 46.7, 12.03, and 1.74 mg·kg?1, respectively and those of C. indica were 12.68, 44.67, 8.15 and 1.32 mg·kg?1, respectively, while those of C. palustris were 19.28, 66.91, 9.63 and 3.97 mg·kg?1, respectively. Conclusion The three tuberous aquatic plants can effectively purify nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus, and recover a considerable amount of starch. However if heavy metals coexist in the polluted water, plant tubers are not recommended for resource utilization. Ch, 4 fig. 17 ref.] |
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