| 不同液体有机肥对新疆棉花生长及土壤养分的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 王研,罗彤,闵涛,程李洋,李俊华.不同液体有机肥对新疆棉花生长及土壤养分的影响[J].土壤,2023,55(4):739-748. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王研 罗彤 闵涛 程李洋 李俊华 |
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| 作者单位： | 石河子大学农学院农业资源与环境系, 新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室, 新疆石河子 832003 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（31660598）和国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1900802）资助。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为研究不同液体有机肥对新疆棉花生长及土壤养分的影响，进而确定滴灌棉田最适宜的液体有机肥类型，为优化新疆滴灌棉花施肥技术提供理论依据，采用盆栽试验，设置5个处理包括不施肥（CK）、常规施肥（化肥，CF）、含氨基酸液体有机肥（AF）、含腐殖酸液体有机肥（HF）、酸性有机肥浸提液（BF），考察了不同施肥处理对棉花生长、叶片光合能力、产量构成、土壤养分以及养分利用率的影响。结果表明：与CF处理相比，不同液体有机肥均能促进棉花生长，提高土壤有效养分含量。其中，AF处理较CF处理显著提高了棉花叶片气孔导度（Gs），增加7.18%；与CF处理相比，HF处理对棉花株高、茎粗、叶片蒸腾速率（Tr）、总根表面积的促进作用最显著，分别增加了6.38%、3.92%、11.01%和14.52%~11.84%，棉花茎和地下部干物质量最高；BF处理棉花总根长显著提高41.21%~49.48%，同时叶片净光合速率（Pn）最强，棉花单株成铃数、衣分最高，棉花蕾铃、籽棉和整株干物质量显著提高了27.91%、11.83%和9.76%。对于土壤理化性质，AF、HF和BF处理较CF处理均显著提高了土壤有效磷含量；BF处理显著降低了土壤pH，且土壤有机质、碱解氮和速效钾含量均高于其他处理。BF处理棉花肥料偏生产力、肥料农学效率和肥料贡献率较CF处理提高了5.83%~19.33%，显著高于其他处理。总之，3种液体有机肥均能促进棉花生长，增加棉花干物质积累，提高土壤有效养分含量以及肥料利用率，其中以酸性有机肥浸提液效果最佳。因此，在滴灌棉田应用酸性有机肥浸提液可以获得更高的棉花产量及肥料利用率，有利于新疆滴灌棉田可持续发展。
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| 关 键 词： | 棉花 液体肥料 滴灌 土壤养分 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/8/1 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022/10/1 0:00:00 |
Effects of Different Liquid Organic Fertilizers on Cotton Growth and Soil Nutrients |
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| WANG Yan,LUO Tong,MIN Tao,CHENG Liyang,LI Junhua.Effects of Different Liquid Organic Fertilizers on Cotton Growth and Soil Nutrients[J].Soils,2023,55(4):739-748. |
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| Authors: | WANG Yan LUO Tong MIN Tao CHENG Liyang LI Junhua |
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| Institution: | Department of Resources and Environmental Sciences, College of Agronomy, Shihezi University;Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi, Xinjiang 832003, China |
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| Abstract: | A pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different liquid organic fertilizers on cotton growth and soil nutrients in order to determine the most suitable type of liquid organic fertilizer for drip irrigated cotton fields in Xinjiang. Five treatments were setup:no fertilizer (CK), conventional fertilizer (CF), liquid organic fertilizer containing amino acids (AF), liquid organic fertilizer containing humic acid (HF) and acidic organic fertilizer extract (BF). Soil nutrients, the growth, leaf photosynthetic, yield and nutrient utilization of cotton were analyzed. The results showed that compared with CF, different liquid organic fertilizers could promote cotton growth and increase soil available nutrient contents. Among them, AF significantly increased stomatal conductance (Gs) of leaves by 7.18%, HF significantly increased plant height, stem thickness, leaf transpiration rate (Tr) and total root surface area by 6.38%, 3.92%, 11.01% and 14.52%-11.84%, respectively, and highest in stem and root biomass. BF significantly increased the total root length by 41.2% to 49.48%, and strongest in the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of leaves, highest in the number of bolls per plant and fiber yield, and significantly increased the boll, seed and whole plant biomass by 27.91%, 11.83% and 9.76%. AF, HF and BF significantly increased the content of soil available phosphorus, BF significantly reduced soil pH, and highest in the contents of soil organic matter, available N and K. BF significantly increased fertilizer partial factor productivity, agronomic efficiency and fertilizer contribution rate by 5.83%-19.33% compared to the CF treatment, and also significantly higher than other treatments. All three organic liquids could promote dry matter accumulation, increase cotton yield, improve soil nutrients and fertilizer use efficiency, among which acidic organic fertilizer extract had the best results. Therefore, the application of acidic organic fertilizer extract in drip irrigated cotton fields can achieve higher cotton yield and fertilizer use efficiency, thus is conducive to the sustainable development of drip irrigated cotton fields in Xinjiang. |
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| Keywords: | Cotton Liquid fertilizers Drip irrigation Soil nutrients |
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