| 褐潮土长期定位不同施肥制度土壤生产功能演化研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 李秀英,李燕婷,赵秉强,李小平,王丽霞,张振山.褐潮土长期定位不同施肥制度土壤生产功能演化研究[J].作物学报,2006,32(5):683-689. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李秀英 李燕婷 赵秉强 李小平 王丽霞 张振山 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所，北京100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院资助项目;国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划);中国农业科学院杰出人才基金 |
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| 摘 要： | 通过14年长期定位试验研究了褐潮土不同施肥制度对土壤生产功能、产量可持续性指数及农学效率的影响。结果表明，N、P为褐潮土作物高产的主要限制因子，14年产量平均，NPK比CK、N、NK、PK分别增产459%、386%、280%、205%（小麦）和154%、108%、87%、78%（玉米）；NPK+M(NPK配施厩肥)比NPK平均增产12%，NPK+S(NPK加秸秆)与NPK产量相当。NPK及NPK配施有机肥（包括厩肥和秸秆）处理的小麦、玉米产量可持续性指数高于N、P不均衡施用处理。化肥肥效因作物种类、施肥组合而不同，N肥单施时小麦和玉米N的农学效率降低，而NPK配施时N的农学效率有上升趋势，平均分别为16 kg/kg N（小麦）和14 kg/kg N（玉米）；磷肥肥效具有短期的叠加效应，P的农学效率小麦大于玉米，种植10年后P的农学效率最高可达最初的4.5～7倍；K的农学效率在试验进行十年后NK处理平均为负值，同期NPK处理中小麦K的农学效率却急剧增加，K成为作物高产的限制因素；有机肥对小麦和玉米的农学效率分别为21 kg/t和25 kg/t，秸秆对小麦和玉米的农学效率分别为负值和37 kg/t。NPK均衡施肥能提高土壤有机质、全N、全P、速效N、速效P等肥力指标；NPK配施有机肥能加快土壤有机质和N、P、K养分的积累；NPK不均衡施肥导致土壤中此种营养元素的耗竭。
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| 关 键 词： | 施肥制度 生产功能 产量可持续性指数 肥料农学效率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2005-05-17 |
| 修稿时间： | 2005-09-27 |
The Dynamics of Crop Yields under Different Fertilization Systems in Drab Fluvo-aquic Soil |
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| LI Xiu-Ying,LI Yan-Ting,ZHAO Bing-Qiang,LI Xiao-Ping,WANG Li-Xia,ZHANG Zhen-Shan.The Dynamics of Crop Yields under Different Fertilization Systems in Drab Fluvo-aquic Soil[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica,2006,32(5):683-689. |
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| Authors: | LI Xiu-Ying LI Yan-Ting ZHAO Bing-Qiang LI Xiao-Ping WANG Li-Xia ZHANG Zhen-Shan |
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| Institution: | Institute of Resources and Regional Planning，Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China |
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| Abstract: | The study on dynamics of crop yields,sustainable yield index(SYI) and agronomic efficiency of fertilizer under different fertilization systems including the treatments of N,NP,NK,PK,NPK,NPK M(manure),NPK S(crop straw) and CK(no fertilizer) were carried out based on 14 years' long term fertilizer experiment in Drab Fluvo-aquic soil in Beijing.The results showed that N and P were two crucial limited nutrients of crop yield in Drab Fluvo-aquic Soil.In NPK treatment yield of wheat was increased by 459%,386%,280%,205%,and corn by 154%,108%,87%,78%,respectively,compared with these in CK,N,NK,PK treatments.The yield of NPK M treatment was more 12% than that of NPK treatment.However,the yield of NPK S was similar to that of the NPK treatment.The sustainable yield indexes of NPK,NPK M and NPK S treatments were greater than those of other treatments.The output of yields per unit fertilizer(i.e.agronomic efficiency of fertilizer,AEF) was varied considerably with different crops and combinations of fertilizers applied.The AEF of N for wheat and corn by single use of N fertilizer was reduced,while that of NPK treatment was 16 kg/kg N for wheat and 14 kg/kg N for corn and had an increase tendency during the experiment period.The AEF of P in wheat was greater than that in corn,further more,the AEF of P was 4.57.0 times higher than that at the beginning of the experiment 10 years ago.The AEF of K was negative in NK treatment,while increased rapidly in NPK treatment after 10-year crop cultivation;K was also one of critical limited nutrients for crop yield.The AEF of farmyard manure(FYM) in NPK M treatment was 21 kg/t of wheat and 25 kg/t for corn,while the AEF of crop straw in NPK S treatment was negative for wheat and 37 kg/t for corn.Soil O.M.,total N,P and available N,P,K content were increased in NPK treatment.The accumulations of soil O.M.and N,P,K nutrients were accelerated in NPK M and NPK S treatments.On the contrary,total N,total P were exhausted in the treatments without N,P fertilizer.Available P,K had the same variation trend in the treatments without P,K fertilizer. |
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| Keywords: | Fertilization systems Crop yield Sustainable yield index(SYI) Agronomic efficiency of fertilizer(AEF) |
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